谷类作物的胚乳发育及其对种子休眠与萌发的作用  

Endosperm development of cereal crops and its role in seed dormancy and germination

作　　者：宋松泉 唐翠芳[1] 程红焱 王程亮[3] 袁良兵 左胜 SONG Song-Quan;TANG Cui-Fang;CHENG Hong-Yan;WANG Cheng-Liang;YUAN Liang-Bing;and ZUO Sheng(Nanling Research Institute for Modern Seed Industry,Xiangnan University,Chenzhou 423099,Hunan,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Aca-demy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]湘南学院南岭现代种业研究院,湖南郴州423099 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第5期1133-1155,共23页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设省级专项(2022sfq06);郴州市人民政府和湘南学院人才项目资助。

摘　　要：在被子植物中,双受精触发了2个紧密相邻的组织胚和胚乳的同时发育。胚乳的功能除了为胚提供营养物质和作为胚的机械屏障外,也在种子发育、休眠和萌发过程中作为胚的生长调控因子,从而控制种子的生活力、休眠与萌发。但到目前为止,胚乳发育及其调控的作用机制还不够清楚。本文主要综述了谷类作物的胚乳发育与调控及其对种子休眠与萌发作用的研究进展,主要包括胚乳发育过程中的形态发生、糊粉层和淀粉胚乳的分化、淀粉胚乳的程序性细胞死亡、胚乳中储藏蛋白的积累,以及细胞周期调控因子、植物激素和表观遗传对胚乳发育的调控,胚乳对胚发育和种子休眠与萌发的作用,最后提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题,试图为理解胚乳发育及其调控的分子机制、提高谷类作物的产量与质量提供参考。In angiosperms,double fertilization triggers the simultaneous development of two closely adjacent tissue,embryo and endosperm.The function of endosperm is not only to provide nutrients and serve as a mechanical barrier for the embryo,but also to act as a growth regulator for the embryo during seed development,dormancy and germination,thereby controlling the vitality,dormancy,and germination of the seeds.But so far,the development of endosperm and its regulatory mechanism are not clear enough.In the present paper,the recent progress achieved in the endosperm development and its regulatory mechanism,as well as the regulation of these events on seed dormancy and germination,was reviewed,including morphogenesis,differentiation of aleurone layer and starch endosperm,programmed cell death of starch endosperm,accumulation of storage proteins in endosperm during endosperm development,as well as the regulation of cell cycle regulatory factors,phytohormones,and epigenetic on en-dosperm development,and the role of endosperm in embryo development,seed dormancy and germination.Finally,the scientific issues that need to be further researched in this field are proposed,attempting to provide reference for understanding the molecu-lar mechanisms of endosperm development and its regulation,and thereby improving the yield and quality of cereal crops.

关 键 词：休眠与萌发 胚乳发育 表观遗传 基因印迹 植物激素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]