小麦新品种西农877高产稳产的遗传特性解析  

Genetic analysis of high yield and yield stability characteristics of new wheat variety Xinong 877

作　　者：孟祥宇 刁邓超 刘雅睿 李云丽 孙玉晨 吴玮 赵雯 汪妤[1] 吴建辉 李春莲[1,3] 曾庆东 韩德俊[1,3] 郑炜君 MENG Xiang-Yu;DIAO Deng-Chao;LIU Ya-Rui;LI Yun-Li;SUN Yu-Chen;WU Wei;ZHAO Wen;WANG Yu;WU Jian-Hui;LI Chun-Lian;ZENG Qing-Dong;HAN De-Jun;ZHENG Wei-Jun(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;National Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and Efficient Production,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第5期1261-1276,共16页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点产业创新链项目(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-02);科技创新重大专项基金项目(2023ZD04026)资助。

摘　　要：西农877是西北农林科技大学选育的小麦新品种,具有一定的广适、高产和稳产特性。本研究旨在解析西农877的高产、适应性和综合抗性的遗传基础,为小麦新品种选育提供理论依据和方法指导。通过田间试验分析了西农877及部分黄淮麦区创下高产记录的小麦品种的灌浆特征和光合特性,利用16KSNP背景芯片与0.1KSNP功能芯片相结合的方法,深入解析西农877的遗传基础,明确关键染色体区段的遗传效应。结果表明,西农877在灌浆特征上表现优异,具有较长的灌浆时间、合理的灌浆各阶段分配和高灌浆速率;其旗叶叶绿素含量和光合能力较高,区域试验中平均千粒重48.60g,田间试验中千粒重达到50.05g,均呈现出高于对照品种周麦36号的趋势且稳定性好,为实现高产潜力奠定了基础;在区试多点试验中,高稳系数平均值89.15,较周麦36号显著增加。在遗传构成上,西农805a作为母本对西农877的遗传贡献率为80.23%,在3个亲本中最高。同时,西农877聚合了来自亲本的多个优异基因/QTL,包含抗条锈病位点QYrqin.nwafu-6BS、QYrsn.nwafu-1BL、QYrxn.nwafu-1BL、Yr29及Yr78,抗赤霉病位点QFhb.caas-5AL、QFhb.hbaas-5AL,抗叶锈病位点Lr13、Lr68及产量相关性状位点,粒重基因TaT6P、TaGS5-A1和籽粒大小基因QGl-4A。综上,西农877在大田生产中展现出较高的增产潜力和广适性。亲本材料对西农877的遗传贡献率存在差异,其中西农805a的遗传贡献率最大。西农877中聚合了多个重要性状相关优异基因/QTL,为黄淮麦区高产广适新品种培育提供了重要的遗传资源和理论支撑。Xinong 877 is a newly developed wheat variety bred by Northwest A&F University,characterized by wide adaptability,high yield,and yield stability.This study aims to elucidate the genetic basis of Xinong 877’s high yield,adaptability,and comprehensive resistance,thereby providing theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for the breeding of new wheat varieties.Field experiments were conducted to analyze the grain filling characteristics and photosynthetic traits of Xinong 877,along with several high-yielding wheat varieties from the Huanghuai wheat region.A combined approach utilizing a 16K SNP background chip and a 0.1K SNP functional chip was employed to thoroughly dissect the genetic foundation of Xinong 877 and identify the genetic effects of key chromosomal regions.The results showed that,Xinong 877 exhibited superior grain filling characteristics,including an extended grain filling duration,optimal allocation across various grain filling stages,and a high grain filling rate.Additionally,its flag leaves possessed elevated chlorophyll content and enhanced photosynthetic capacity.In regional trials,the average thousand-grain weight was 48.60 g,and in field trials,it reached 50.05 g,both surpassing the control variety Zhoumai 36 and demonstrating good stability.These traits establish a foundation for realizing high yield potential.In multi-location regional trials,Xinong 877 achieved an average stability coefficient of 89.15,significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 36.Regarding genetic composition,Xinong 805a,as the female parent,contributed 80.23 percent of the genetic makeup to Xinong 877,the highest among the three parent lines.Additionally,Xinong 877 incorporated multiple superior genes/QTLs from its parents,including stripe rust resistance loci QYrqin.nwafu-6BS,QYrsn.nwafu-1BL,QYrxn.nwafu-1BL,Yr29,and Yr78;fusarium head blight resistance loci QFhb.caas-5AL and QFhb.hbaas-5AL;leaf rust resistance loci Lr13 and Lr68;as well as yield-related loci such as grain weight genes TaT6P and TaGS5-A1,and gr

关 键 词：西农877 高产潜力 广泛适应性 抗病性 小麦SNP芯片 遗传构成 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]