水分亏缺对设施基质栽培番茄生长生理及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water Deficit on the Growth Physiology and Water Use Efficiency of Tomatoes Grown in Facility Substrates

作　　者：高京 陈玉鹏 刘晓奇 王俊文 吕剑 肖雪梅 郁继华 GAO Jing;CHEN Yupeng;LIU Xiaoqi;WANG Junwen;LÜJian;XIAO Xuemei;YU Jihua(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2025年第4期331-336,共6页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃农业大学省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310733048);国家自然科学基金(32160703);甘肃农业大学国重实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2020-12)。

摘　　要：研究水分亏缺对设施基质栽培番茄生长生理及水分利用效率的影响,为番茄优质高产提供依据。以毛粉802和181番茄品种为试材,设正常灌溉、轻度水分亏缺(80%正常灌水量)、中度水分亏缺(60%正常灌水量)和重度水分亏缺(40%正常灌水量)4个水分亏缺处理,探究对不同品种番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积、光合参数、单株产量、单株结果数、单果重及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着水分亏缺程度的加重,2个品种番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积均呈下降趋势;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)呈现下降趋势;产量整体呈下降趋势,水分利用率整体呈增加趋势。轻度水分亏缺(80%正常灌水量)能够在提高植株的水分利用效率的同时,满足产量的基本需求。毛粉802与181相比,减产量相对较小,水分利用效率相对较高,更适用于水分亏缺条件下的栽培生产。This study investigated the effect of water deficit on growth physiology and water use efficiency of tomatoes under soilless substrate cultivation,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for high yield and high quality in tomato production.Using tomato varieties Hairy Powder 802 and 181 as experimental materials,4 water deficit gradients were established,i.e.,normal irrigation.mild(80%normal irrigation),moderate(60%normal irrigation)and severe water deficit(40%normal irrigation),effects on plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,photosynthetic parameters,yield per plant,number of fruit per plant,fruit weight per plant and water use efficiency of different tomato varieties were investigated.Results showed that as the degree of water deficit intensified,both varieties exhibited decreases in plant height,stem thickness and leaf area,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),the transpiration rate(Tr)and the stomatal conductance(Gs)were getting smaller,the yield showed an overall downward trend,while water use efficiency generally increased.Mild water deficit(80%normal irrigation)improved water use efficiency without significantly reducing yield.Compared with variety 181,hairy powder 802 showed a relatively smaller yield reduction and higher water use efficiency,making it more suitable for cultivation under water-deficit conditions.

关 键 词：水分亏缺 番茄 基质栽培 生长生理 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]