先天性肛门直肠畸形影像学研究进展  

Advances in imaging research on congenital anorectal malformations

作　　者：王晨晓 郑贤应 WANG Chenxiao;ZHENG Xianying(Department of Radiology,Fujian Children's Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center),College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and Pediatrics,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350011,China;Department of Radiology,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital,College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and Pediatrics,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350011,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省儿童医院(上海儿童医学中心福建医院),福建医科大学妇儿临床医学院放射科,福州350011 [2]福建省妇幼保健院(福建医科大学妇儿临床医学院)放射科,福州350011

出　　处：《磁共振成像》2025年第4期192-197,220,共7页Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

基　　金：福建医科大学启航基金项目(编号:2023QH1229)。

摘　　要：先天性肛门直肠畸形(anorectal malformations,ARM)是一种常见的先天性消化道畸形,包含多种病理改变,一般于出生后通过体格检查做出初步诊断,但是无法全面准确地评估,需要进一步影像学诊断,术前影像学诊断对于指导手术治疗至关重要。近年来国内外针对ARM术前影像学诊断不断发展,本综述围绕术前影像学诊断的检查方法、畸形类型、伴发畸形、闭锁水平、肛周及盆底肌肉评估、有无瘘管及瘘管位置、MRI与其他影像技术对比等不同方面,讨论新生儿期最新的多种影像诊断方法(X线、超声、高压远端结肠造影、MRI)的优劣势,重点探讨了MRI在ARM患儿肛周及盆底肌肉评估中的作用,研究发现当前ARM诊断仍面临检查操作标准化不足,肛周及盆底肌肉发育数据缺乏等挑战,未来研究应提高检查操作标准化,探索磁共振高压远端结肠造影,结合多种影像学检查方法提高诊断准确性,增加MRI对ARM患儿及健康新生儿肛周及盆底肌肉发育的参数的研究。本综述旨在为今后ARM的影像诊断及研究提供帮助。Congenital anorectal malformations(ARM) is a common congenital digestive tract malformation,including a variety of pathological changes,usually made after birth through physical examination to make a preliminary diagnosis,but cannot be comprehensively and accurately assessed,and further imaging diagnosis is required,and preoperative imaging diagnosis is essential to guide the surgical treatment.In recent years,the preoperative imaging diagnosis of ARM has been developing both at home and abroad.This review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the latest imaging methods(X-ray,ultrasound,high-pressure distal colonography,MRI) in the neonatal period,and focused on the role of MRI in the assessment of perianal and pelvic floor muscles in children with ARM.We found that the current diagnosis of ARM is still faced with the challenges of insufficient standardization of the examination procedures and lack of data on the development of the perianal and pelvic floor muscles.Parameters of magnetic resonance on perianal and pelvic floor muscle development in children with ARM and healthy newborns.The aim of this review is to provide assistance for future diagnostic imaging and research in ARM.

关 键 词：肛门直肠畸形 磁共振成像 术前诊断 瘘管 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R726.5[医药卫生—诊断学]