牙行与买办制度的兴衰变化  

The Rise and Fall of Brokerage Firms and the Comprador System

作　　者：张彦台[1] 刘光炎 Zhang Yantai;Liu Guangyan(Institute of Provincial Situation,Hebei Academy of Social Sciences,Shijiazhuang,China;Hebei Provincial Research Center for Institution Establishment,Shijiazhuang,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院省情研究所,河北石家庄050001 [2]河北省机构编制研究中心,河北石家庄050001

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第3期32-40,共9页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目《晚清民国牙行档案文献整理与近代交易制定形成研究》阶段性成果,立项编号:23BZS106。

摘　　要：明清时期,牙行作为商品交易的中介,对促进地方市场和商品流通发挥了重要作用。19世纪中叶,随着西方列强的入侵和通商口岸的开放,牙行制度功能局限性开始显现,买办制度应运而生。买办作为外商在中国的代理人,凭借其对本地市场的熟悉和与外商的紧密联系,成为推动中国与世界贸易的关键中介,特别是在丝、茶等商品的出口贸易中发挥了重要作用。20世纪初,民族资本家主张发展独立自主的民族工业,减少对外国资本的依赖,买办制度逐渐失去其在近代中国社会经济中的主导地位,反映了中国社会经济从依赖外国资本向自主发展的转变。During the Ming and Qing dynasties,brokerage firms(yahang)played an important role as intermediaries in commodity transactions,facilitating local markets and the circulation of goods.However,as Western powers invaded China and it was forced to open ports for trade in the mid-19th century,the brokerage system gradually became unable to adapt to the emerging international trade environment,and its functional limitations began to show.In response,the comprador system was established,in which the comprador acted as an agent for foreign merchants and played a key role in facilitating China’s trade with the world,particularly in the export of silk and tea.The rise of the comprador system reflects the profound changes in China’s social and economic structure,especially in the face of the impact of Western capitalism.In the early 20th century,as national capitalists emerged and national industries developed,the comprador system gradually lost its dominant position in modern Chinese society and economy.National capitalists advocated for the development of independent and autonomous national industries,reducing dependence on foreign capital,which led to a shift in China’s social and economic dependence on foreign capital towards independent development,marking the ultimate decline of the comprador system.

关 键 词：牙行 买办 经济史 商业史 

分 类 号：F713.6[经济管理—产业经济]