“孤独个体”的困境——从个体角度对自由主义的一种反思  

The Dilemma of the“Alone Individual”——A Reflection on Liberalism from an Individual Perspective

作　　者：邵风 Shao Feng(School of Marxism,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学马克思主义学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第3期59-70,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目《性格与自由:约翰·密尔自由思想研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:JBK2406102。

摘　　要：为了破除传统共同体对于个体的束缚,古典自由主义赋予个体自由、平等和独立的初始状态,继而在这一状态之上重新理解国家和社会。但是,用这种已经原子化了的个体所搭建起来的社会秩序从根本上面临着内部解体的风险。为了解决这一问题,现实的政治权力被引入,而这种权力反过来又会造成对“孤独个体”的威胁。以罗尔斯为代表的现代自由主义者试图通过“政治自由主义”的方案解决这一困境。但是,由于继承了古典自由主义的个体观,“政治自由主义”并不能真正解决问题。马克思主义的“现实个体”是对古典自由主义“孤独个体”的超越。只有从根本上理解了古典自由主义在个体解放问题上所存在的内在困境,才能更加深刻地把握马克思主义的“现实个体”所具有的革命性意义。In order to break the traditional community’s constraints on individuals,classical liberalism endowed individuals with initial states of freedom,equality,and independence,and then reinterpreted the state and society on this basis.However,the social order built with these already atomized individuals from the outset faced the fundamental risk of internal collapse.To solve this problem,real political power was introduced,which in turn posed a threat to the“alone individual.”Representative modern liberals,such as Rawls,attempted to resolve this dilemma through the“political liberalism”program.However,since inheriting the individual view from classical liberalism,“political liberalism”cannot truly solve the problem.Marx’s“real individual”represents an overcoming of the“isolated individual”of classical liberalism.Only by understanding the inherent dilemma of classical liberalism in the issue of individual liberation can we grasp the revolutionary significance of Marx’s“real individual”more profoundly.

关 键 词：古典自由主义 政治自由主义 个体 马克思主义 

分 类 号：B17[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]