地缘与博弈:西夏建国前后对吐蕃、回鹘诸政权的方略因应  

Geography and Strategic Rivalry:The Approach of Xixia Towards the Tubo and Huifeng Regimes before and after Its Establishment

作　　者：王寅[1] 高亚西 Wang Yin;Gao Yaxi(School of Humanities,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot,China;School of Ethnology and History,NingXia University,Yinchuan,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学人文学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010080 [2]宁夏大学民族与历史学院,宁夏回族自治区银川750021

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2025年第3期71-80,共10页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区哲学社会科学规划项目《铸牢中华民族共同体意识专项课题》阶段性研究成果,项目编号:2021ZZB053。

摘　　要：党项政治集团势力以五州之地周旋于辽、宋两大国之间,限制了其向东、南方向的发展。于是,“西掠吐蕃健马,北收回鹘锐兵”,便成为党项谋求生存与发展的重要方略。此方略以军事征服为主,辅之招抚、联姻、离间等手段,历经西夏建国前后,李继迁、李德明、李元昊诸多党项领袖数十年的努力,既解除了吐蕃、回鹘诸割据政权从西侧牵制西夏发展的背后威胁,又奠定了其向西拓展的基本版图,极大增强了西夏建国的实力。党项为求自身独立生存,根据其与周边吐蕃、回鹘诸政权的地缘关系,又基于与辽、宋博弈的政治环境,巧妙运用自身强硬的军事实力以及灵活的外交手段,完成了既定目标。最终党项、吐蕃、回鹘诸族群统一于西夏政权的政治共同体之中,西夏也与辽、宋形成了三国并立的局面。The political forces of the Tangut group maneuvered between the two powerful states of Liao and Song,limiting their expansion to the east and south.Thus,the strategies of“raiding Tibet with strong horses to the west and gathering the sharp forces of the Uighurs to the north”became an essential approach for the Tangut group to secure survival and development.This strategy mainly focused on military conquest,supplemented by tactics such as pacification,marriage alliances,and sowing discord.Over decades,under the leadership of figures like Li Jiqian,Li Deming,and Li Yuanhao,the Tangut leaders achieved their goal,eliminating the threat of Tubo and Huifeng separatist powers to the west,thus establishing a foundation for territorial expansion westward.This significantly strengthened the power of the emerging Xixia state.To ensure their independence,the Tangut people skillfully used their military strength and diplomatic maneuvering based on the geopolitical dynamics with the surrounding states and the political competition between Liao and Song.Ultimately,the Tangut,Tubo,and Huifeng ethnic groups were unified under the political community of the Xixia regime,creating a tripartite political situation alongside the Liao and Song states.

关 键 词：西夏 吐蕃 回鹘 地缘 博弈 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]