论院庭长的审判监督管理权  

Onthe Trial Supervision and Management Power of the Court Presidents and Chief Judges

作　　者：万毅[1] Wan Yi

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2025年第2期381-401,共21页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：审判监督管理权实则为审判监督权与审判管理权两大同义词的组合,其性质上是一种司法行政监督权,行政权是其本质。在行权方式上,由于审判监督管理权所针对之内容为审判人员的审判活动,而审判活动受独立审判原则之保护,因而院庭长行使审判监督管理权亦应当有所节制,其行权方式亦非“指令”,而是“监督”。从法理层面来看,院庭长行使审判监督管理权,只要严格按照法定程序、采用法定的行权方式、在法定的行权范围内行使,即不被视为行政权对审判权的违法干预。关于审判监督管理权行使的合理限度,首先,应明确其行权之方式,厘清其行权之流程,注意区分“监督”与“指挥”“指导”之差异;其次,应明确其行权之范围,对于其行权范围之确定可采“核心领域理论”之内核,以“显著错误标准”为基点,并结合我国国情予以适度放宽。具体而言,院庭长是否应当启动审判监督管理权应综合考虑下述三点因素:一是错误之明显性;二是监督之必要性;三是违法之严重性。The trial supervision and management power is in fact a combination of two synonyms,namely,the trial supervision power and the trial management power.It is a kind of judicial and administrative supervision power,with administrative power as its essence.In terms of the exercise of power,since trial supervision and management power is targeted at trial activities of judges,which are protected by the principle of judicial independence,the exercise of such power by the court presidents and chief judges should also be restrained,and the power should be exercised in the form of“supervision”rather than“command”.From a jurisprudential point of view,as long as court presidents and chief judges follow legal procedures,use prescribed methods and abide by legal scopes when exercising trial supervision and management power,it is not considered an illegal interference of trial by administrative power.To understand the reasonable limits of trial supervision and management power,we should first clarify the manner and process of exercising such power with a clear distinction between“supervising”and“directing”or“guiding”.Secondly,the scope of exercising such power should be defined.The kernel of the“core area theory”can be adopted to determine the scope,with the“obvious error standard”as the basis,and appropriately relaxed in consideration of China's national conditions.Specifically,whether court presidents and chief judges should initiate trial supervision and management should be comprehensively considered based on the following three factors:the obviousness of the error,the necessity of supervision,and the severity of the violation.

关 键 词：司法行政监督 审判管理 审判监督 司法责任制 审判权 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]