新就业形态下劳动关系界定的目的性路径及其裁判标准  

The Purposive Approach and Judicial Determination Test of Employment Relationship in New Forms of Employment

作　　者：王俣璇 Wang Yuxuan

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2025年第2期520-539,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“互联网零工经济用工模式的分析范式与认定标准研究”(项目编号:22FXC023)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：平台用工模式创新暴露出传统劳动关系界定标准的准确性困境与正当性缺陷。相比于类型化方法,目的性路径更能应对新就业形态对劳动关系典型形象的频繁冲破,在阻却用工“干扰项”的同时矫正司法适用结果对法律目标的偏离。最高人民法院与地方法院已在个案裁判中融入了粗略的目的性思维,但缺乏对“目的为何”的系统论证。为回答这一问题,法经济学尝试通过交易成本、科层治理与产权理论对劳动与非劳动关系的边界划定提供解释,但其得出的控制力、组织以及风险分配测试存在适用局限。劳动法干预的目的应在于抵销劳动力市场买方垄断结构对劳动者报酬及工作条件施加的向下压力。因此,劳动关系应仅覆盖关系型劳动,而排除离散型劳动。人格与组织从属性应被解释为契约特定性之外的管理权力归属,经济从属性则应被解释为以管理权力为来源的营利性归属。The innovation in platform-based employment models has exposed both the accuracy challenges and legitimacy deficiencies in the traditional criteria for defining employment relationships.Compared to categorical approaches,a purpose-driven approach is more effective in addressing the frequent disruption of typical employment relationship frameworks caused by new employment forms,as it eliminates employment“interference factors”while correcting judicial outcomes that deviate from legal objectives.While the Supreme People's Court and local courts have incorporated rudimentary purposive reasoning in individual cases,they lack a systematic justification for the fundamental question of“what is the purpose”.To address this issue,law and economics has attempted to delineate the boundary between employment relationships through theories of transaction costs,hierarchical governance,and property rights,but the resulting control,organization,and risk allocation tests have limited applicability.The goal of labor law intervention should be to counteract the downward pressure imposed on wages and working conditions by the labor monopsony structure.Therefore,employment relationships should only encompass relational work while excluding discrete work.Personal and organizational subordination should be understood as the allocation of managerial direction beyond contractual specificity,while economic subordination should be interpreted as the allocation of profit attributed to managerial direction.

关 键 词：新就业形态 劳动关系 目的性路径 界定标准 事实优先原则 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]