中国大模型产业的竞争位势与升级路径——基于全球价值链视角的比较分析  

Competitive Position and Upgrading Path of China's Large Model Industry:A Comparative Analysis Based on the Perspective of Global Value Chain

作　　者：于潇宇 黎静仪 Yu Xiaoyu;Li Jingyi

机构地区：[1]中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所 [2]浙江财经大学管理学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2025年第3期4-17,共14页Macroeconomics

基　　金：2024年度中国宏观经济研究院基本业务费课题“新形势下中国人工智能大模型产业竞争战略研究”的主要研究成果;2024年度国家自然科学基金青年项目“人工智能用户素养对算力能源浪费的影响及干预策略研究”(72402203)的资助。

摘　　要：新形势下加快推动人工智能大模型产业升级具有重要战略意义。本文首先深入梳理了人工智能大模型的全球发展态势和竞争格局。其次,基于全球价值链理论,围绕“算力与基础设施支持”、“基础研发与底层框架开发”、“数据资源获取与处理”、“模型训练、优化与应用开发”等大模型产业链关键环节,分析了各环节的附加值情况,并综合比较了中美两国的价值分配和竞争位势。之后,从创新生态、人才供给、产业政策和外部环境等多方面,剖析了中国大模型产业面临的五大挑战和四大机遇。最后,提出“算力自主+垂直深耕+生态赋能”的战略路径和具体对策建议。研究对完善中国大模型产业竞争战略,更好推动人工智能产业创新升级有重要意义。It is of great strategic significance to accelerate the upgrading of the artificial intelligence(AI)large model industry under the new situation.Firstly,the article has thoroughly analyzed the global development situation and competition pattern of AI large models.Secondly,based on the theory of global value chain,the study focuses on‘arithmetic power and infrastructure support',‘basic R&D and underlying framework development',‘data resource acquisition and processing',‘model training,optimization and application development'and other key links of the large model industry chain,analyzed the added value of each link,and comprehensively compared the value distribution and competitive position of China and the United States.After that,from the aspects of innovation ecology,talent supply,industrial policy and external environment,it identifies five challenges and four opportunities for China's large model industry.Finally,the study proposes the strategic path of‘Arithmetic Autonomy+Vertical Deep Plowing+Ecological Empowerment'and specific countermeasure suggestions.The study is of great significance to improve the competitive strategy of China's large model industry and better promote the innovation and upgrading of AI industry.

关 键 词：人工智能 大模型产业 竞争分析 产业升级 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]