加薪能兼顾共同富裕和跨越“中等收入陷阱”吗  

Can Raising Wages both Balance Common Prosperity and Overcome the‘Middle-income Trap’?

作　　者：李智[1] 梁策 Li Zhi;Liang Ce

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2025年第3期63-80,共18页Macroeconomics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“供给侧结构性改革与需求侧调控切换逻辑与协同机制研究”(批准号:17AJY002)的资助。

摘　　要：当前中国面临着贫富差距拉大和经济增速放缓的双重困境,策略性的工资率增长有望成为均衡实现人民共同富裕和跨越“中等收入陷阱”两大政策目标的重要政策着力点。本文以1998—2007年、2010—2013年中国工业企业数据库和2010—2023年沪深A股上市公司微观数据为依据,在估算企业工资率的基础上,实证考察工资率增长对全要素生产率的提升效应,并对二者构成的“工资提升—效率增进”路径进行了延伸测算和国际比较。研究发现:(1)在中国当前的时空条件下,不加策略安排的基于工资率增长的“共同富裕”之路绕不过“中等收入陷阱”;(2)要想基于工资率增长提升全要素生产率的影响机制达成兼顾经济发展质量和人民共同富裕的政策目标,需要在三个层面加以策略安排:一是策略性地消除政府补贴、国际市场依赖、过度投资以及行政垄断等制约全要素生产率提升的因素;二是策略性地裁撤产能过剩行业的员工、重点扶持实质性创新企业、引导或规制低效率企业有序退出;三是策略性地针对完成市场化改革的国有企业、具有适度市场势力企业和低薪企业进行优先加薪。As China is facing the dual dilemmas of widening wealth gap and slowing economic growth,strategic wage rate growth is expected to be an important policy focus for realizing the two policy goals of common prosperity and crossing the‘middle-income trap'in a balanced manner.Based on the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database from 1998 to 2007,2010 to 2013,and the micro-data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2023,this article empirically examines the total factor productivity(TFP)enhancing effect of wage rate growth on enterprises on the basis of the estimation of the wage rate of the enterprises,and performs extended calculations and an international comparison of the‘wage enhancement-efficiency enhancement'pathway.The study finds that:(1)under China's current economic and temporal conditions,the path of‘common prosperity'based on wage rate growth without strategic arrangements will not be able to circumvent the‘middle-income trap';(2)in order to achieve the policy goal of balancing the quality of economic development and the common prosperity of the people through a mechanism based on the impact of wage rate growth on TFP enhancement,it is necessary to make strategic arrangements at three levels:firstly,to strategically eliminate the constraints on TFP enhancement,such as government subsidies,dependence on the international market,over-investment,and administrative monopolies;secondly,to strategically lay off the employees of industries with overcapacities,to focus on supporting substantial innovative enterprises,and to guide or regulate the orderly withdrawal of inefficient enterprises;thirdly,to strategically targeting state-owned enterprises that have completed market-oriented reforms,enterprises with moderate market power and low-paying enterprises for priority pay rises.

关 键 词：工资率 全要素生产率 共同富裕 中等收入陷阱 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]