降低婴幼儿外周静脉血标本不合格率的循证实践  

Evidence-based practice to reduce the incidence of unqualified peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children

作　　者：熊紫薇 史雯嘉 蔡晓菡 严鹏[1] 孔珊珊 Xiong Ziwei;Shi Wenjia;Cai Xiaohan;Yan Peng;Kong Shanshan(Department of Pediatric Surgery,Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院小儿外科,湖北武汉430022

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2025年第7期44-49,85,共7页Journal of Nursing Science

摘　　要：目的进行降低婴幼儿外周静脉血标本不合格率的循证实践,提高护理质量。方法以证据的持续质量改进模式图为理论框架,通过证据获取、现状审查、证据引入及效果评价4个阶段,总结婴幼儿外周静脉血标本采集相关的29条最佳证据,进行可行性、适宜性、有效性、临床意义评价后,筛选出18条证据,制订17个审查指标及审查方法。证据应用前对58例患儿进行基线审查,分析障碍因素,制订实践方案,证据应用后对63例患儿进行再审查评价效果。结果证据应用后,7条审查指标执行率显著提高,婴幼儿外周静脉血标本不合格率显著降低,护士婴幼儿外周静脉血标本采集的相关知识得分显著提高(均P<0.05)。结论循证实践可促进护士规范采集外周静脉血标本,降低婴幼儿外周静脉血标本不合格率。Objective To reduce the incidence of unqualified peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children through implementing evidence-based practice,thereby improving nursing quality.Methods Utilizing the"Evidence-Based Continuous Quality Improvement Model"as the theoretical framework,a total of 29 pieces of best evidence related to the collection of peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children were summarized through four stages:evidence acquisition,current status review,evidence implementation,and outcome evaluation.After evaluating the feasibility,appropriateness,effectiveness,and mea-ningfulness,18 pieces of evidence were selected,and 17 review indicators along with evaluation methods were developed.Prior to evidence application,58 children underwent baseline reviews to analyze barriers,and a practical plan was formulated.Following evidence application,63 children were re-evaluated to assess the outcomes.Results After the application of evidence-based practices,the execution rates of 7 review indicators significantly increased,and the incidence of unqualified peripheral venous blood specimens decreased significantly;moreover,nurses′knowledge scores related to the collection of peripheral venous blood specimens in infants and young children significantly improved(all P<0.05).Conclusion Evidence-based practice can promote standar-dized collection of peripheral venous blood specimens by nurses,thereby reducing the incidence of unqualified specimens in infants and young children.

关 键 词：婴幼儿 外周静脉 血标本采集 障碍因素 合格率 最佳证据 循证护理 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学]