卡塔尔部落社会治理与国族身份的构建  

Tribal Social Governance and the Construction of National Identity in Qatar

作　　者：慈志刚 王连超[2] CI Zhigang;WANG Lianchao(College of History and Tourism Culture,Inner Mongolian Minzu University)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学区域国别研究院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古民族大学历史与旅游文化学院,通辽028000

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2025年第2期25-43,156,157,共21页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“新编中东国家通史”(LSYZD21021)和2021年度国家社科基金重点项目“海湾国家的家族统治与君主制政体嬗变史比较研究”(21ASS005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：卡塔尔国族身份的构建是海湾君主国现代化进程中的典型案例,其核心是通过重塑部落认同实现传统与现代的融合。历史上,部落是卡塔尔半岛上主要的政治实体,为国家提供了人口、军事力量和社会组织基础。随着石油经济的兴起,卡塔尔逐步从松散的部落联盟向中央集权国家转型,部落与国家的关系从合作转向竞争。为了消除部落认同对构建国族身份的消极影响,卡塔尔政府采取以下策略:打破并重塑原有的部落格局,瓦解传统部落认同的社会根基,使部落从政治实体转变为文化象征;重塑共同历史记忆,强化部落民众对国家的认同感;打造部落符号,将其转化为国族身份的文化标志;保护部落遗产,建立统一的国族身份叙事。卡塔尔政府构建国族认同的政策对部落认同产生了深刻影响。民众自发地表达对国家的忠诚,主动抒发爱国情感,这表明国族认同已初步形成。总体而言,卡塔尔的实践为海湾国家在平衡传统部落结构与现代国家治理方面提供了有益参考。然而,其长期稳定性取决于能否在经济转型中保持公平的福利分配,并在文化层面实现更深层次的整合。The construction of Qatari nationhood serves as a paradigmatic case within the modernization process of Gulf monarchies.Its core lies in reshaping tribal identity to integrate traditional and modern elements.Historically,tribes were the primary political entities on the Qatari peninsula,providing the population,military strength,and social organization foundation.With the rise of the petroleum-based economy,Qatar transitioned from a loose tribal union to a centralized nation—state,which shifted the relationship between tribes and the state from cooperation to competition..Qatar has implemented a series of strategies to mitigate the impact of tribal identities on nationhood construction.These include:disrupting the existing tribal structure to weaken the social and cultural foundation of tribal identity,transforming tribes into cultural symbols;reinforcing common historical memory to strengthen tribal population's sense of identification with the nation;creating unified tribe symbols to be enshrined as national identities;and preserving tribal heritage to establish a unified national identity narrative.These strategies have had a profound impact on tribal identity,leading to spontaneous expressions of national loyalty and a gradual expression of nationalistic emotions among the population,indicating that nationhood has initially formed.In aggregate,Qatar's approach offers valuable insights for Gulf nations in harmonizing traditional tribal structures with modern state governance.However,its longterm stability will hinge on its ability to maintain equitable welfare distribution during the economic transformation and achieve deeper cultural integration at the societal level.

关 键 词：卡塔尔 部落 国族主义 身份构建 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]