“全方位平衡”与“选择性平衡”——萨勒曼继任国王以来沙特外交政策评析  

“Omni-Balancing” and “Optional Balancing”——An Analysis of the Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy Since Salman's Succession as King

作　　者：杨冰冰 YANG Bingbing(Institute of World History,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学世界历史研究所,杭州310028

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2025年第2期70-96,158,159,共29页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2024年度浙江大学“重要国家和区域研究”专项项目“海湾君主国的现代化道路与外交战略研究”(505202*17222022402)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：长期以来,沙特在对外关系中以审慎外交为主,具有政策稳定、不过度介入且隐秘与低调的特点。自2015年萨勒曼继位以来,沙特的外交政策变得更加多面、更为复杂,呈现出“全方位平衡”与“选择性平衡”相结合的特点。在“全方位平衡”外交政策中,沙特通过能源、经济和军事等手段与重要大国及地区维持着不同程度的稳定合作关系。当面临国际突发事件时,沙特则通过“选择性平衡”外交政策运用疏远、断交、斡旋、增进合作和制衡等手段调整国家间合作关系。“全方位平衡”外交政策和“选择性平衡”外交政策皆服务于沙特国家同步推行的现代化改革。在国际突发事件期间,维持现代化改革进程、稳定持续发展环境是促使沙特“全方位平衡”外交政策向“选择性平衡”外交政策转变的关键动因。未来,通过灵活运用两种外交政策,沙特的外交空间将会继续扩大,并为稳步推进现代化改革,巩固家族政权提供巨大动力。Saudi Arabia has long been characterized by prudent diplomacy in its foreign relations, with a policy of stability, non-over-involvement, secrecy and low-profile. Since the succession of Salman in 2015, Saudi Arabia's foreign policy has become more multifaceted and complex, characterized by a combination of “Omni-Balancing” and “Optional Balancing”. In its “Omni-Balancing” foreign policy, Saudi Arabia has maintained various degrees of stable and cooperative relations with important powers and regions through a variety of means, such as energy, economic and military. When faced with international emergencies, Saudi Arabia uses “Optional Balancing” foreign policy to adjust cooperation relations between countries through different means, such as alienation, severance of diplomatic relations, mediation, enhanced cooperation and counterbalance. Both the “Omni-Balancing” foreign policy and the “Optional Balancing” foreign policy serve the modernization reforms that Saudi Arabia is simultaneously implementing. During international emergencies, maintaining the process of modernization reforms and stabilizing the environment for sustainable development are the key motivations for Saudi Arabia to shift its foreign policy from “Omni-Balancing” to “Optional Balancing”. In the future, through the flexible use of the two foreign policies, Saudi Arabia's diplomatic space will continue expanding, providing tremendous impetus to steadily advance its modernization reforms and consolidate the family regime.

关 键 词：沙特 萨勒曼国王 全方位平衡 选择性平衡 现代化改革 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]