明万历福建土地执照文书范式及制度成因  

The Paradigm of Land License Documents and the Causes of the System in Fujian in the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：吴舒岚 WU Shulan(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《档案学研究》2025年第2期141-148,共8页Archives Science Study

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“明清时代的契约与契约社会研究”(22AZS011)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：宋代以降,官府在土地清丈后向民户颁发土地执照。万历六年(1578年),福建成为张居正改革的试点地区,开始推行土地清丈。汀州府的丈量行动历时一年有余,最终以官给由帖,付业主收执告终。万历十年(1582年)起,明廷针对前次丈量中草率上报的现象,举行了局部复丈,汀州府连城县、清流县也相继出现了一批清丈归户单。两相对比可以发现,“帖文式”归户由帖的官文书形制更为规整,既有承载政策政令的文本载体,又有收执准照的公凭属性,而“票据式”清丈归户单的细节更为翔实。前者源于明代官府行文中帖文广泛充当凭证类文书的制度背景,后者则受到了万历年间广泛绘制的鱼鳞图册影响。两者的出现是明清之际土地执照因地制宜、不断变动的一个例证。Since the Song dynasty,the government has issued land licenses to private households after land clearing.In the sixth year of the Wanli reign,Fujian,as a pilot area for Zhang Juzheng's reforms,began to implement land surveying.The survey in Tingzhou province lasted for more than a year,and ended with the official giving the Youtie and paying the owner to collect the receipt.From the 10th year of the Wanli reign,the Ming court held a partial resumption of the survey in response to the phenomenon of hasty reporting in the previous survey,and a batch of land clearance household list appeared in Liancheng County and Qingliu County of Tingzhou Prefecture one after another.Comparison of the two can be found,the Tiewen form of household Youtie has more organized official paper form,both carry the text of the policy and decree carrier,but also have the receipt of the license of the public diploma attributes,while the details of the land clearance household list in the form of note is more detailed.The former originated in the Ming Dynasty official documents in the post widely used as a voucher class instruments of the institutional background,the latter by the Wanli years widely drawn fish scale atlas influence.The emergence of the two is an example of the constant changes in land licenses during the Ming and Qing dynasties,which were adapted to local conditions.

关 键 词：万历清丈 土地执照 归户由帖 清丈归户单 鱼鳞图册 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]