外泌体对NLRP3炎症小体调控作用的研究进展  

Advances in the regulatory effects of exosomes on NLRP3 inflammasome

作　　者：李美伶 徐明 LI Mei-ling;XU Ming(School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《药学学报》2025年第4期853-863,共11页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82373870)。

摘　　要：外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的含有核酸和蛋白质等重要生物活性分子的小囊泡。越来越多的研究表明,外泌体作为信号分子载体在各种疾病中具有独特和关键的作用,并且在疾病诊断和治疗方面展现出巨大潜力。最近研究表明外泌体在免疫调控中发挥着重要作用。NOD (nucleotide binding oligomerization domain)样受体家族3(NOD-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体是固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,在自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病及神经退行性疾病等多种疾病的发生、发展中发挥关键作用,其激活和调控机制复杂多样。然而,外泌体和NLRP3炎症小体相关的调控机制尚未完全阐明。本文综述了不同来源的外泌体对NLRP3炎症小体的调控作用,并总结了外泌体在NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病的治疗潜力,以期为NLRP3炎症小体相关疾病的防治提供新思路。Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells that contain important bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins.Increasing research indicates that exosomes play a unique and crucial role as signal molecule carriers in various diseases,and they exhibit great potential in disease diagnosis and treatment.Recent studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in immune regulation.The NOD(nucleotide binding oligomerization domain)-like receptors protein 3(NLRP3),an essential component of the innate immune system,plays a key role in the occurrence and development of various diseases including autoimmune diseases,metabolic diseases,and neurodegenerative diseases.Its activation and regulatory mechanisms are complex and diverse.However,the regulatory mechanisms associated with exosomes and NLRP3 inflammasome have not yet been fully elucidated.This article reviews the regulatory effects of exosomes from different sources on the NLRP3 inflammasome and summarizes the therapeutic potential of exosomes in diseases associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to the NLRP3 inflammasome.

关 键 词：外泌体 炎症 免疫调控 NLRP3炎症小体 疾病治疗 

分 类 号：R966[医药卫生—药理学]