吸入疫苗研究进展  

Advances of inhaled vaccine research

作　　者：孙婷婷 郭秋慧 赵凤 许晓婕 廖永红[2] 李云飞 SUN Ting-ting;GUO Qiu-hui;ZHAO Feng;XU Xiao-jie;LIAO Yong-hong;LI Yun-fei(Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学,天津301617 [2]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [3]山东大学山东省糖化学与生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《药学学报》2025年第4期875-883,共9页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：山东省糖化学与生物学重点实验室开放课题基金(2023CCG13)。

摘　　要：呼吸道感染与其他呼吸系统疾病如哮喘、囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺癌均可采用疫苗进行预防。呼吸道感染用疫苗大多通过肌肉注射方式接种,诱导产生血清IgG,中和血液中的病毒。然而肌肉组织中缺乏分泌型IgA和IgG,肌肉注射疫苗难以快速提供呼吸道保护。鼻腔或雾化吸入疫苗开始受到关注,已被证实吸入疫苗以远低于注射疫苗的剂量诱导出相近的抗体反应,部分产品已经获批。除了剂量大大降低,吸入疫苗的优势还包括同时诱导体液、细胞和黏膜免疫,为呼吸道提供三重保护。随着预防新型冠状病毒的新型吸入疫苗(如mRNA疫苗和DNA疫苗)的诞生,预防肺部疾病的吸入疫苗应用前景越来越广阔,其中单剂量吸入的纳米干粉疫苗备受关注。本文综述了吸入疫苗在黏膜免疫中的作用和优势,以及在各种疾病预防中的潜力,展望了基于纳米技术的吸入疫苗发展方向。Respiratory infections,as common diseases,along with other respiratory system diseases such as asthma,rare diseases including cystic fibrosis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and lung cancer,can be prevented using vaccines.Taking respiratory infections as an example,vaccines are mostly administered via intramuscular injection,inducing the production of serum IgG,thereby neutralizing viral infectivity and alleviating COVID-19 symptoms.However,due to the lack of secretory IgA and IgG in muscle tissues,intramuscular vaccines cannot quickly provide protection to the respiratory tract.To overcome the shortcomings of intramuscular injection,some vaccine candidates for nasal or nebulized inhalation are under development or have been approved.Clinical studies show that inhaled vaccines can induce antibody responses similar to those of intramuscular vaccines at much lower doses.Inhaled vaccines can simultaneously induce humoral,cellular,and mucosal immunity,providing triple protection.With the application of new vaccines(e.g.mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines)in inhalable formulations for COVID-19,inhaled vaccines have been proven to have broad application prospects in the prevention of lung diseases.Given this background and the known abundance of immune cells in the lungs,increasing research efforts are devoted to developing single-dose inhalable nano dry powder vaccines.This article discusses the roles and advantages of inhaled vaccines in mucosal immunity,their potentials for treating different diseases,and prospects for the future development of inhaled vaccines based on nanotechnology.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 吸入疫苗 黏膜免疫 递送载体 递送装置 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]