人类巨细胞病毒疫苗的研究进展及开发新思路  

Research progress and new approaches in the development of human cytomegalovirus vaccines

作　　者：王媛媛[1] 崔世浩 顾玉超 WANG Yuan-yuan;CUI Shi-hao;GU Yu-chao(School of Medicine and Pharmacy,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Jianda Biopharmaceutical(Nanjing)Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China;College of Biological Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学医药学院,山东青岛266003 [2]简达生物医药(南京)有限公司,江苏南京210031 [3]青岛科技大学生物工程学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《药学学报》2025年第4期895-902,共8页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

摘　　要：人类巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)感染可导致低免疫力人群发病和/或死亡,是全球最常见的先天性感染之一。针对HCMV疫苗的开发工作已经持续了50年,目前处于临床试验阶段的疫苗主要包括减毒活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗、多肽疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA疫苗及病毒样颗粒疫苗,并伴随使用佐剂。尽管针对HCMV的疫苗开发正被积极推进,但由于其所具有的独特病原学特征和感染机制,疫苗研究过程中仍面临诸多障碍和挑战。本文在汇总HCMV疫苗研究进展的基础上,对开发过程中的挑战和潜在思路进行了分析和讨论,为探索和开发新型疫苗提供借鉴和参考,以期最终实现预防和控制HCMV感染。Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infection poses significant morbidity and/or mortality risks for individuals with compromised immune systems,rendering it one of the most prevalent congenital infections worldwide.The pursuit of HCMV vaccines has spanned over five decades,with clinical trials primarily focusing on various vaccine candidates,including live attenuated vaccines,viral vectored vaccines,subunit vaccines,peptide vaccines,DNA vaccines,RNA vaccines,and viral-like particle vaccines,usually accompanied by the use of adjuvants.Although the development of vaccines against HCMV is being actively promoted,there are still numerous obstacles and challenges persisting in the research process,due to unique pathogenic characteristics and infection mechanisms of HCMV.Based on the summarized research progress,this article analyzes and discusses the faced challenges and potential approaches to provide valuable insights and guidance for the exploration and development of new vaccines candidates,and ultimately achieve prevention and control of HCMV infection.

关 键 词：人类巨细胞病毒 感染机制 抗原 免疫抑制 疫苗 

分 类 号：R966[医药卫生—药理学]