微针递送系统在疫苗中的研究进展  

Research progress of microneedle delivery system in vaccine

作　　者：李月 洪晓轩 韩晓璐 张慧 王曦维 李蒙 王增明 郑爱萍 LI Yue;HONG Xiao-xuan;HAN Xiao-lu;ZHANG Hui;WANG Xi-wei;LI Meng;WANG Zeng-ming;ZHENG Ai-ping(Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China;State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing 100850,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳药科大学,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]军事医学研究院国家安全特需药品全国重点实验室,北京100850

出　　处：《药学学报》2025年第4期939-948,共10页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC260500)。

摘　　要：疫苗往往通过肌肉注射或皮下注射等方式给药。虽然这些方式能够有效地将疫苗抗原递送到机体内,触发免疫反应,但也存在注射疼痛、操作复杂、运输条件严格以及疫苗自身的免疫原性和稳定性不佳等局限性。随着技术的发展,皮肤给药成为疫苗给药的新途径。在众多皮肤给药方式中,微针展现出独特的优势与潜力。本文简述了微针经皮免疫的机制及其优势,列举了微针的分类,重点介绍了仿生微针的设计理念、结构优势及制备工艺,分析了其在疫苗中的应用潜力。同时,简述了微针在疫苗方面的应用,包括细菌感染、病毒感染、癌症治疗及当前的临床应用进展,并从微针疫苗的安全性、稳定性、可接受性等方面总结了微针疫苗的挑战与前景。Vaccines are often administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.Although these methods can effectively deliver vaccine antigens to the body and trigger the immune response.However,there are also some limitations,such as injection pain,complex operation,strict transportation conditions,poor immunogenicity and stability of the vaccine.With the development of technology,skin administration has become another new way to solve the above-mentioned problems of vaccine.Among the many ways of skin administration,microneedles show unique advantages and potential.This paper briefly describes the mechanism of microneedle transdermal immunity and its advantages over traditional injection.This paper briefly describes the mechanism and advantages of transdermal immunity of microneedles,enumerates the classification of microneedles,focuses on the design concept,structural advantages and preparation technology of bionic microneedles,and analyzes its application potential in vaccines.At the same time,this paper briefly describes the application of microneedle in vaccine,including bacterial infection,viral infection,cancer treatment and current clinical application progress.The challenges and prospects of microneedle vaccine are summarized from the aspects of safety,stability and acceptability of microneedle vaccine.

关 键 词：微针 经皮免疫 疫苗 仿生 临床研究 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]