新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床特征及危险因素分析  

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of 68 cases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

作　　者：刘琦 束辉玲 LIU Qi;SHU Huiling(Department of Neonatology,Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Danyang,Jiangsu,212300,China)

机构地区：[1]丹阳市妇幼保健院新生儿科,江苏丹阳212300

出　　处：《中国冶金工业医学杂志》2025年第2期128-130,共3页Chinese Medical Journal of Metallurgical industry

基　　金：镇江市科技计划项目合同(SH2020054)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨68例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床特征及危险因素。方法 选择2020年6月—2023年9月丹阳市妇幼保健院收治的NRDS患儿68例为观察组,同期选取该保健院检查的正常新生儿150例为对照组,比较两组临床特征指标,分析诱发NRDS的危险因素。结果 与对照组比较,观察组剖宫产、吸入羊水、出生窒息、宫内窘迫、母体妊娠期糖尿病的新生儿占比较高,产后使用肺表面活性物质(PS)的占比较低,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.676、34.069、29.719、32.384、58.194、15.446,均P<0.001);观察组胎龄较小,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.247,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic分析显示诱发NRDS的独立危险因素有剖宫产、吸入羊水、出生窒息、宫内窘迫、母体妊娠期糖尿病(OR=2.328、2.421、2.368、2.168、2.145,均P<0.05),胎龄大、产后使用PS均为保护因素(OR=0.443、0.440,均P<0.05)。结论 诱发NRDS的独立危险因素有剖宫产、吸入羊水、出生窒息、宫内窘迫、母体妊娠期糖尿病,胎龄大、产后使用PS为保护因素,因此可据此开展针对性干预以改善新生儿预后。Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS) in 68 cases.Methods A total of 68 cases of NRDS admitted to Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2020 to September 2023 were selected as the observation group.Simultaneously,150 healthy newborns examined at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical characteristic indicators of the two groups were compared,and the risk factors inducing NRDS were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had a significantly higher proportion of newborns delivered via cesarean section,with meconium-stained amniotic fluid aspiration,birth asphyxia,intrauterine distress,and maternal gestational diabetes.The proportion of postnatal use of pulmonary surfactant(PS) was significantly lower in the observation group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (χ^(2)=18.676,34.069,29.719,32.384,58.194,15.446;all P<0.001).Additionally,the gestational age of the observation group was significantly smaller,and the difference was statistically significant(t=8.247,P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic analysis identified independent risk factors for inducing NRDS,including cesarean delivery,meconium-stained amniotic fluid aspiration,birth asphyxia,intrauterine distress,and maternal gestational diabetes(OR=2.328,2.421,2.368,2.168,2.145;all P<0.05).Gestational age and postnatal use of PS were identified as protective factors(OR=0.443,0.440;both P<0.05).Conclusion Independent risk factors for NRDS include cesarean delivery,meconiumstained amniotic fluid aspiration,birth asphyxia,intrauterine distress,and maternal gestational diabetes,while greater gestational age and postnatal use of PS are protective factors.Therefore,targeted interventions based on these findings can be implemented to improve neonatal outcomes.

关 键 词：新生儿 NRDS 临床特征 危险因素 保护因素 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科]