财富不平等如何影响生活满意度——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据的实证研究  

How Wealth Inequality Affects Life Satisfaction:An Empirical Inquiry Based on China Family Panel Studies

作　　者：张平[1] 诸葛安东 燕洪 Zhang Ping;Zhuge Andong;Yan Hong(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2025年第2期52-64,共13页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“公共治理体系变革创新的理论与机制”(项目编号:72234001);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国版房地产税的可行性和各地普适性差异研究:微观大数据模拟和一般均衡模型分析”(项目编号:72474050)。

摘　　要：随着区域经济的快速发展,房价上涨的区域异质性在无形中实现了家庭财富的再分配,扩大了不同维度的财富差距,并赋予其外生性特征。目前尚无研究系统分析财富不平等对居民生活满意度的影响及背后的逻辑机制。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)微观面板数据,检验了财富差距与生活满意度的联系,结果表明,财富不平等对居民的生活满意度有显著的负面影响,且这一效应存在明显的个体和城市异质性,财富不平等会通过提高居民的不公平感知程度影响其生活满意度,同时也受到相对财富水平的调节,区域内部和区域间的财富差距对于相对财富水平不同的居民产生的影响也有所差异。为了实现共同富裕,文章建议应该缩小地区内部财富差距,提高低收入群体财富水平,同时统筹城乡间、区域间协调发展,降低基本公共服务的地区间差距。Amid the sweeping tide of regional economic expansion,the uneven escalation of housing prices across localities has subtly yet profoundly restructured the distribution of household wealth.This phenomenon has amplified disparities across multiple dimensions of wealth and imbued these disparities with an exogenous character.To date,little systematic research has been devoted to unraveling how such wealth inequality influences individuals'life satisfaction and the mechanisms that underlie this relationship.Drawing on micro-panel data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study probes the intricate connection between wealth disparities and subjective wellbeing.The findings reveal a pronounced and statistically significant negative effect of wealth inequality on life satisfaction.This impact,however,is not monolithic:it varies distinctly across individuals and urban settings.The study further elucidates that wealth inequality undermines life satisfaction primarily by intensifying individuals'perceptions of social injustice.Moreover,this effect is moderated by a person's relative wealth position-meaning that the psychological consequences of inequality are experienced differently depending on where one stands in the social hierarchy.Both intra-regional and inter-regional disparities exert heterogeneous effects on residents of varying relative wealth.In pursuit of the ideal of common prosperity,the paper contends that it is imperative to narrow the wealth divide within regions,elevate the economic standing of low-income groups,and foster balanced development between urban and rural areas as well as across geographic regions.Equally crucial is the reduction of disparities in the provision of essential public services.

关 键 词：财富不平等 生活满意度 相对财富 社会公平感知 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]