分层分类视角下社会救助标准体系结构及问题研究  

Research on the Structure and Issues of the Social Assistance Standard System from a Hierarchical and Categorical Perspective

作　　者：姚建平[1] YAO Jian-ping(North China Electric Power University)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期10-18,共9页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“共同富裕目标下社会救助标准改革研究”(24ASH012);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金哲学社会科学繁荣计划专项项目“共同富裕目标下社会保障助推弱有所扶研究”(2023FR002)。

摘　　要：我国社会救助标准是围绕低保标准建立起来的、各部分彼此密切关联的结构体系。特困救助可以看成低保的特殊形式,低保边缘家庭和支出型困难家庭资格是低保资格向外扩展的结果,专项救助与其他救助项目的资格条件捆绑在一起。临时救助待遇标准与低保标准挂钩,但灾害救助标准与低保没有关系。目前我国社会救助标准体系的问题主要包括:低保资格标准和待遇标准合二为一,制约社会救助扩面;低保边缘家庭资格与待遇标准之间脱节,导致认定率低;低保和专项救助资格标准捆绑,诱发福利依赖等。基于这些问题,提出将低保资格标准和待遇标准分开,给予低保边缘家庭少量现金待遇并简化认定程序,剥离福利捆绑并形成梯度化救助标准体系,利用大数据助力救助标准体系建设等改革方向和建议。China's social assistance standards are built around the minimum living standard(MLS), forming a closely interconnected structural system. Extreme poverty assistance can be regarded as a special form of MLS, while the eligibility criteria for marginal MLS households and expenditure-based hardship households represent an extension of MLS qualifications. Special assistance and other aid programs are linked through shared eligibility conditions. Temporary assistance benefit standards are tied to MLS, whereas disaster relief standards are independent of MLS. Currently, China's social assistance standard system faces several issues. First, the integration of MLS eligibility and benefit standards limits the expansion of social assistance coverage. Second, there is a disconnect between the eligibility criteria and benefit standards for marginal MLS households, leading to a low recognition rate. Third, the bundling of MLS and special assistance eligibility standards fosters welfare dependency. To address these challenges, this study proposes several reform directions and recommendations. These include separating MLS eligibility standards from benefit standards, providing marginal MLS households with small cash benefits while simplifying the qualification process, decoupling welfare bundling to establish a tiered assistance system, and leveraging big data to enhance the development of the social assistance standard system.

关 键 词：标准体系 社会救助 分层分类 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]