当“不稳定”遇到“老龄化”:延迟退休背景下大龄农民工的就业风险与政策应对  

When“Instability”Encounters“Aging”:Employment Risks and Policy Responses for Older Migrant Workers in the Context of Delayed Retirement

作　　者：孙中伟 SUN Zhong-wei(South China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学劳动与社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期70-78,共9页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新科技革命时代产业工人相对贫困的形成机制与多维治理研究”(23BSH008)。

摘　　要：农民工是我国劳动力资源的重要组成部分。当前,我国50岁以上的大龄农民工占比已超过30%,就业结构“灵活化”与人口结构“老龄化”趋势历史性地交织在一起。随着延迟退休政策的实施,如何进一步保护大龄农民工的就业权益,促进大龄农民工的稳定就业,完善失业大龄农民工的退出保障机制,成为当前我国民生保障领域迫切需要解决的社会问题。本文基于对大龄农民工就业风险的分析,建议国家承担起更大的社会保障兜底责任,通过制度优化和增加公共服务投入,构建起大龄农民工的就业支持机制和劳动力市场退出保障机制,旨在为这一群体实现从职业衰退期到制度性退休顺利过渡的目的。Migrant workers are an important component of China's labor resources.At present,the proportion of elderly migrant workers over 50 years old in China has exceeded 30%,and the trend of"flexible"employment structure and"aging"population structure has historically converged.With the implementation of the delayed retirement policy,how to further protect the employment rights and interests of older migrant workers,promote their stable employment,and improve the exit guarantee mechanism for unemployed older migrant workers has become an urgent social issue that needs to be addressed in the field of livelihood security in China.Based on the analysis of the employment risks of older migrant workers,this article suggests that the government should take on a greater responsibility for social security as a bottom line.Through institutional optimization and increased public service investment,a mechanism for supporting the employment of older migrant workers and a mechanism for ensuring their exit from the labor market should be established.The aim is to achieve a smooth transition from career decline to institutional retirement for this group.

关 键 词：大龄农民工 就业支持 延迟退休 社会保障 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]