最有利于未成年人原则的本土型塑  

Localizing Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in China

作　　者：姚建龙 Yao Jianlong

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《比较法研究》2025年第2期82-95,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：最有利于未成年人原则是联合国《儿童权利公约》所规定的儿童最大利益原则的国内法化,该原则萌芽于幼年原则,后在《儿童权利公约》中得以正式确立并在世界范围内广泛传播和运用。最有利于未成年人原则在我国的确立过程,也是《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》不断发展进步的缩影,但其本土化并未因为该原则的国内法化而完成。最有利于未成年人原则首先应遵循教义学解释方法,把握特殊保护与优先保护、尊重未成年人人格尊严、保护未成年人隐私权和个人信息、适应未成年人身心健康发展的规律和特点、听取未成年人的意见以及保护与教育相结合等六项基本要求,并确立以效益性、特殊性以及本位性为核心的三项判断评价标准,并在未成年人司法实践中进一步实现本土化。The Principle of the Best Interests of the child,codified in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child(CRC),has historically evolved from welfare doctrine into a globally recognized legal paradigm to be adopted in domestic laws.While China's Law on the Protection of Minors formally incorporated this principle as the Best Interests of Minors,effective localization extends beyond statutory adoption to require operational frameworks compatible with domestic socio-legal contexts.Through doctrinal analysis,this study identifies six constitutive elements essential for implementation of this principle:(i)special protection and prioritized protection,(i)respect for minor's dignity,(ii)safeguarding privacy and personal information,(iv)alignment with minors'developmental characteristics,(v)incorporation of minors'voices,and(vi)integration of protection with education.Furthermore,it proposes a tripartite evaluative matrixefficacy,minor-specificness,and minor-centeredness in the gradual localization of this principle in China's judicial practice.

关 键 词：儿童权利公约 未成年人保护法 最有利于未成年人原则 实质判断标准 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]