环境权的规范意涵及其保障机制——以法国法为例  

The Normative Implications of Environmental Rights and Their Safeguarding Mechanisms:A Comparative Analysis through French Law

作　　者：王蔚 Wang Wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学涉外法治研究院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2025年第2期190-205,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：当前我国正在进行生态环境法典编纂,在法典中确认环境权并建立相应的保障制度已成为共识。然而,环境权的规范意涵具有高度模糊性,如何有效保障环境权一直聚讼纷纭。根据发生学顺序,可以将其归纳为三种模式:一是程序性保障,环境权通过程序性权利得到实现;二是归入型保障,将环境权保障纳入国际法和国内部门法的权利救济渠道;三是环境权入宪保障模式,实现实体性权利和程序性权利的兼容并蓄。法国是比较法视野下第三种模式中最具有代表性的国家之一。在2005年环境权正式入宪后,法国宪法司法和普通民事、行政、刑事司法实现多维联动,环境相关的多维利益面向呈现了互动的环境权法律保障机制,促进了环境权的实体与程序融合。法国模式对我国环境法典化时代厘清环境权规范意涵并建立有效的保障机制具有参照意义。As China advances its codification of eco-environmental legal frameworks,consensus emerges regarding the imperative to define environmental rights within statutory texts and institutionalize corresponding safeguarding mechanisms.However,persistent ambiguities surround the normative construction of such rights,while debates persist regarding optimal safeguarding approaches.This study identifies three evolutionary safeguarding paradigms through a diachronic analysis:(i)proceduralist model,realizing environmental rights through access-to-justice mechanism;(ii)incorporative model,embedding environmental protection within international law frameworks and sectoral domestic legislation;and(iii)constitutionalist model,achieving equilibrium between substantive rights recognition and procedural enforcement.France exemplifies the constitutionalist paradigm in comparative jurisprudence.Post the constitutionalizing of environmental rights in 2005,its judicial architecture demonstrates systematic coherence through constitutional review,interacting with civil,administrative,and criminal justice systems.This pluri-dimensional coordination establishes an integrated safeguarding mechanism that synthesizes substantive norms with procedural guarantees.The French experience offers critical insights for China's codification efforts,particularly regarding clarifying environmental rights'normative content and construing cross-jurisdictional enforcement mechanisms.

关 键 词：环境权 基本权利 法国宪法 保障机制 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]