法律案合宪性审议的实践图景、概念迁移与制度完善  

The Legislative Deliberation of Constitutionality:A Practical,Conceptual and Functional Examination

作　　者：黄明涛[1] Huang Mingtao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2025年第2期206-222,共17页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：我国2023年修正的立法法确立了法律案合宪性审议制度。实践中,法律案合宪性审议程序谦抑且克制地运行,促成法律草案与我国宪法文字表述保持一致、符合宪法规定的立法权限,以及实质符合宪法规范。近期,有关部门更将合宪性审议与合宪性审查等置,这是由中央政策导向与审议实践发展共同推动的观念转变,乃至概念迁移,尚不能确定为合宪性审查概念与制度的完全定型。法律案合宪性审议存在功能上限,可能陷入实效不彰和程序冗余的困局,并非严格意义的合宪性审查。在法律事后合宪性审查缺席的现有局面下,法律案合宪性审议仍有促进宪法实施的功能,制度完善的重点在于审议姿态的转变、审议程序的革新,以及建立合宪性审议与备案审查之间的宪法对话。The 2023 Legislation Law amendment establishes a constitutional compliance deliberation framework within China's legislative process,marking a paradigmatic shift in constitutional supervision mechanisms.Empirical analysis reveals cautious operationalization of this ex-ante review mechanism,wherein legislative bodies employ multi-level safeguards-textual alignment,authority validity verification,and substantive norm compliance-to ensure statutory constitutionality.Notably,an observable conceptual conflation persists in official discourse between legislative constitutional deliberation(ex-ante political process)and constitutional review(ex-post judicial mechanism).This study posits such conflation as a politically expedient transitional strategy rather than an endpoint of the evolution of constitutional review system.It's contended that the legislative-driven constitutional scrutiny exhibits inherent functional limitations particularly in its capacity to fulfill rigorous constitutional review functions in the strict sense.Given the improbability of establishing a constitutional review system over national legislation in the short term,strategic enhancement of the existing framework is proposed through:(i)procedural reform empowering independent technical assessment within legislative deliberations;(ii)institutional symbiosis between ex-ante constitutional scrutiny and ex-post record-review mechanisms.

关 键 词：宪法监督 法律案合宪性审议 合宪性审查 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]