奴隶制与古代希腊罗马社会  

Slavery and Ancient Greco-Roman Society

作　　者：晏绍祥[1] 吴曦 Yan Shaoxiang;Wu Xi

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院 [2]首都师范大学

出　　处：《历史教学(上半月)》2025年第4期64-96,共33页History Teaching

基　　金：“中国历史研究院绝学学科扶植计划——西方古典学”项目阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：奴隶制始终伴随着古希腊罗马文明的发展,从荷马社会到查士丁尼时代的整个古典文明,都建立在奴隶制基础之上。奴隶制在古典世界异乎寻常的发展,首要的原因是铁器时代生产力的进步,其次则是希腊城邦和罗马共和国公民的自由,使大土地所有者转向海外寻求稳定的劳动力来源。地中海世界奴隶来源的多样化和稳定性,是奴隶制繁荣的重要前提。在法律上,奴隶是主人的财产,因而相对于公民,奴隶地位的突出特征,是彻底的无权和无亲属地位。虽然奴隶的实际地位千差万别,但少数奴隶,尤其是皇室奴隶的特权地位,并不能从根本上改变奴隶作为主人财产的性质,更不表示奴隶制衰落,反而使奴隶制更有弹性,也使奴隶制的长期延续和深入发展成为可能。奴隶的无权地位,还凸显了公民的特权身份。Slavery is a companion to the western classical civilization.The whole Graeco-Roman world,from Homer to Justinian,was based on the slave labour.The unusual prosperity of slavery in the classical world is firstly due to the development of productivity of the Iron Age,secondly to the freedom of the citizens in the Greek poleis and Roman Republic,which led the large property owners to find sources of labour overseas.The multiplicity and stability of the slave sources are important preconditions of the slavery.Slaves are properties of the masters in the law and their most prominent characteristic is that they were thoroughly deprived rights and kinship relations.Though the actual statuses of the slaves were of great variety and some slaves,especially the slaves of the Roman emperors,looked rather privileged,they were still properties of the masters,and furthermore,freedmen made slavery more flexible and helped slavery reaching its peak.The rightless of the slaves also made the freedom of the citizens more prominent.

关 键 词：古典文明 奴隶制 奴隶来源 奴隶地位 

分 类 号：K1[历史地理—历史学]