是谁规划营建了凌家滩  

Who Planned and Constructed Lingjiatan?

作　　者：张弛 Zhang Chi

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心

出　　处：《文物》2025年第4期65-75,1,共12页Cultural Relics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中国原生农业文明起源的路径”(项目批准号:2024JZDZ053)阶成果。

摘　　要：安徽含山凌家滩是中国新石器时代第一批复杂社会中目前能够确认的最大规模聚落。这个聚落有内、外两重环壕,外环壕围合面积140万平方米,持续使用600年以上[2]。规划和组织营建这种大体量的建设工程,显然需要有成熟的景观设计知识和高度组织起来的社会群体作为支撑。Lingjiatan,located in Hanshan,Anhui Province,is one of the earliest large-scale settlements of the Neolithic Age.It is situated at the southeastern edge of a fan delta extending from Taihu Mountain into the plains,bordered by a tributary of the Yuxi River in the south.The settlement was formed by enclosing the hilltop with inner and outer moats.A canal was built to divert water into the city from the northeast,and waterways were dredged to discharge water southward into the river,representing a planned model typical of large settlements in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the late Neolithic period.The east of the hill outside the north gate of the inner moat of the Lingjiatan settlement was the"altar"cemetery,and the west was the sacrificial area.The cemetery was divided into the northwest,north,and south areas,the scale of tombs and buried grave goods vary greatly across the three areas.The southernmost two rows of tombs in the south area are the earliest;occupants of the four largest tombs at the center are speculated to be the planners and organizers of the settlement.

关 键 词：新石器时代 凌家滩 复杂社会 环壕 聚落 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]