X80M管道全自动焊环焊缝热影响区冷却时间预测模型  

Prediction model for cooling time in the heat-affected zone of girth welds in fully automatic welding of X80M pipeline

作　　者：张小强 云泽 蒋庆梅 龙迅 李岩 曹鹏昊 ZHANG Xiaoqiang;YUN Ze;JIANG Qingmei;LONG Xun;LI Yan;CAO Penghao(PipeChina Engineering Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd.;College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing);China Petroleum Pipeline Research Institute Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]国家管网集团工程技术创新有限公司 [2]中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院 [3]中国石油天然气管道科学研究院有限公司

出　　处：《油气储运》2025年第4期411-419,共9页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“中俄管道重大风险防控与安全保障关键技术”,2022YFC3070100。

摘　　要：【目的】受厚壁管道多层多道焊热输入的影响,环焊缝热影响区组织经历循环的升温与降温过程。为避免生成淬硬组织而产生冷裂纹,需严格把控接头冷却速率。探究焊接工艺与环焊接头热影响区温度由800℃冷却至500℃所需冷却时间t_(8/5)之间的关联,对控制焊接热输入、提高接头性能具有决定性作用。【方法】以管径1 219 mm、壁厚22 mm的X80M管道环焊接头为研究对象,建立基于全自动焊工艺的有限元模型,并结合单、双焊炬工艺特点编写热源程序,利用实验接头焊层形貌信息确定热源参数。计算焊接温度场数据,并与实验点位热循环数据进行对比验证模型计算准确性;选择各焊层对应热影响区点位进行热循环信息统计分析,并通过改变焊接电流与焊接速度调节焊接热输入,获得t_(8/5)的变化规律,最后拟合得到冷却时间预测公式。【结果】当热输入较小时,与减小焊接速度相比,增大焊接电流对t_(8/5)的影响更大;当热输入较大时,与增加焊接电流相比,减小焊接速度对t_(8/5)的影响更大。在相同的热输入变化条件下,两者导致的计算误差不超过6%。【结论】利用所建立的有限元模型计算焊接热参数,误差较小,模型准确、可用。相较于焊接电流,调整焊接速度可使热影响区峰值温度与t_(8/5)数值分布出现较大波动,为保证焊接稳定性,推荐优先调整焊接电流。根据模拟所得焊接热循环曲线,新提出不包含经验参数的t_(8/5)预测公式,预测精度较传统经验公式提高了10%以上。(图11,表6,参27)Objective Due to the heat input from multi-layer and multi-pass welding of thick-wall pipelines,the microstructure in the heat-affected zone(HAZ)of girth welds experiences a cyclic heating and cooling process.To prevent cold cracks resulting from a hardened structure,it is essential to strictly control the cooling rate of the joints.Investigating the relationship between the welding procedure and the cooling time(t_(8/5))required for the HAZ of girth welds to cool from 800℃ to 500℃ plays a decisive role in controlling welding heat input and enhancing joint performance.Methods The study focused on the girth welds of a 1,219 mm×22 mm X80M pipeline.A finite element model was developed based on the fully automatic welding procedure,and a heat source program was designed to reflect single-and dual-torch welding characteristics.Heat source parameters were established using experimental data on weld layer morphology.The calculated welding temperature field data were compared with experimental thermal cycle data to validate the model’s accuracy.By analyzing the thermal cycle information of the HAZ for each weld layer and adjusting welding heat input through changes in welding current and speed,the t_(8/5) variation was determined,leading to the development of a cooling time prediction formula through fitting.Results At low heat input,increasing the welding current significantly affected t_(8/5) more than decreasing the welding speed.Conversely,at high heat input,decreasing the welding speed had a greater impact on t_(8/5) than increasing the welding current.However,under the same heat input changing conditions,the calculation error from either adjustment did not exceed 6%.Conclusion The developed finite element model effectively calculates thermal parameters for the welding procedure with minimal error,demonstrating both accuracy and reliability.Adjusting the welding speed results in greater fluctuations in peak temperature and t_(8/5) distribution in the HAZ compared to adjusting the welding current;therefore,pri

关 键 词：油气管道 热影响区 冷却时间 预测公式 环焊缝 

分 类 号：TE89[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]