加拿大油气管道安全监管法律制度考察与镜鉴  

Review of Canada’s legal systems for safety regulation of oil and gas pipelines and their implications for China

作　　者：孙增芹[1,2] 郑程程 SUN Zengqin;ZHENG Chengcheng(School of Humanities and Law,China University of Petroleum(East China);School of Humanities and Law,China University of Petroleum(East China)//Center for Environmental and Energy Law and Policy Research)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)文法学院 [2]中国石油大学(华东)文法学院•环境能源法律与政策研究中心

出　　处：《油气储运》2025年第4期460-472,共13页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“双碳背景下促进山东省可再生能源发展的立法研究”,24CFXJ16。

摘　　要：【目的】油气管道作为能源输送命脉,需以完善的法律制度为其安全保驾护航。油气管道大国加拿大在渐进式发展中积累了丰富经验,形成了一套兼具系统性、层次性、接续性的多维度油气管道安全监管法律制度,其立法理念与具体做法可供中国借鉴,以促进中国油气管道安全监管法律制度的全方位发展。【方法】剖析加拿大法律法规及指南,梳理全生命周期安全监管框架、监管主体制度以及核心安全监管制度等具体内容,在此基础上进行比较法考察,以整体视角梳理与分析中国油气管道安全监管法律体系的缺漏与可改进之处。【结果】加拿大油气管道安全监管法律体系层次分明、种类丰富,形成了申请、建设、运行至废弃的全生命周期安全监管框架,以独立能源监管机构为主的监管主体制度,以及标准制度、应急管理制度、责任与赔偿制度等核心安全监管制度,为中国油气管道安全监管法律制度建设提供了有价值的借鉴与启示:(1)立足系统性与整体性,从顶层立法至规范文件进行全方位规定,完善管道监管法律体系的内部构造,并加强外部衔接;(2)对《石油天然气管道保护法》全生命周期安全监管内容进行细化补充;(3)健全安全监管主体制度,从横向与纵向两个维度统筹解决监管过程中存在的法律来源不统一、权责分配不明晰的问题;(4)对安全监管标准制度、应急管理制度、责任与赔偿制度等核心安全监管制度进行全面优化。【结论】中国应以能源安全为立足点,构建油气管道安全监管综合性法律体系,弥补作为油气管道安全监管核心法律的《石油天然气管道保护法》全生命周期安全监管缺漏,健全油气管道安全监管主体制度,推动一体化标准制度建设,优化企业油气管道应急管理制度,提升责任标准并丰富赔偿方式。(图1,表1,参29)Objective As the lifeblood of the energy transmission,oil and gas pipelines must be safeguarded by robust legal systems.With a highly developed oil and gas pipeline industry,Canada has accumulated extensive experience from its progressive industrial development and has established a systematic,hierarchical,and multi-dimensional legal framework that ensures proper continuity for the safety regulation of oil and gas pipelines.Consequently,Canada’s legislative concepts and specific practices can serve as valuable references for China in its efforts to enhance the comprehensive development of its legal systems for the safety regulation of oil and gas pipelines.Methods By analyzing Canada’s laws,regulations,and guidelines,as well as examining the safety regulation framework throughout the full lifecycle,the regulatory subjects systems,and the core safety regulation systems in this field,this study employed a comparative approach to review and analyze shortcomings and deficiencies of China’s legal systems for the safety regulation of oil and gas pipelines from a holistic perspective.Results Canada’s legal systems in the discussed field are well-structured and comprehensive,operating within a framework that covers the full lifecycle—from application and construction to operation and abandonment.Independent energy regulators implement the regulatory subjects systems,and the core safety regulation systems include standard systems,emergency management systems,and liability and compensation systems.The findings of this study offer valuable references and insights for the development of China’s legal systems concerning the safety regulation of oil and gas pipelines:(1)comprehensively regulate from top-level legislation to normative documents based on systematicity and integrity,and improve the internal structure of the legal system for pipeline supervision as well as strengthen external connections;(2)refine and supplement the full lifecycle safety supervision of the Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Protection Law;(3

关 键 词：加拿大 油气管道 安全监管 能源安全 全生命周期 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]