火箭发动机超低温高速轴承钢球表面磨损失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Surface Wear on Steel Balls of Ultra-Low Temperature and High Speed Bearings for Rocket Engines

作　　者：李鸿亮[1] 郑艳伟 仇亚军[1] 段逸飞 华显伟 LI Hongliang;ZHENG Yanwei;QIU Yajun;DUAN Yifei;HUA Xianwei(Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳轴承研究所有限公司,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《轴承》2025年第4期121-127,共7页Bearing

基　　金：两机专项基础研究项目(J2019-Ⅲ-0023)。

摘　　要：针对火箭发动机涡轮泵轴承在超低温、高速、重载、自润滑工况下易出现钢球表面磨损失效的问题,对钢球进行形貌分析、能谱分析、硬度检测、组织检验和表面变质层检测,并研究钢球表面变质层与轴承性能的关系。结果表明:钢球失效为表面疲劳磨损,钢球的磨削变质层较深,磨削变质层努氏硬度降大,表面硬度低,是造成钢球表面磨损的原因,并建议钢球表面硬度应控制在550 HK以上。In response to the problem of surface wear failure of steel balls in rocket engine turbopump bearings under conditions of ultra-low temperature,high speed,heavy load and self-lubrication,the morphology analysis,energy spectrum analysis,hardness testing,metallographic examination and surface metamorphic layer detection of steel balls are conducted,and the relationship between surface metamorphic layer of steel balls and bearing performance is studied.The results indicate that the failure of steel balls is caused by surface fatigue wear,the grinding metamorphic layer on steel balls is relatively deep,and the Knoop hardness reduction of grinding metamorphic layer is high,resulting in low surface hardness.This is the cause of surface wear on steel balls,and it is recommended that the surface hardness of steel balls should be controlled above 550 HK.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 球轴承 火箭发动机 疲劳磨损 超低温 失效模式 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]