早期中国共产党人对儒学的批判与吸收  

On Criticism and Absorption of Confucianismby the Early Chinese Communists

作　　者：张卫波[1] ZHANG Wei-bo

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)中共党史教研部新民主主义革命史教研室

出　　处：《河北学刊》2025年第3期99-108,共10页Hebei Academic Journal

摘　　要：在中国共产党创建和大革命时期,面对激烈的文化冲突和争论,为了构建中华民族新文化,以陈独秀、李大钊为代表的早期中国共产党人对儒学进行了猛烈批判。与此同时,又对儒学所蕴含的大同学说等内容进行了一定程度的借鉴和吸收。不过,由于成长经历、教育背景、知识结构、情感好恶等因素影响,早期中国共产党人对儒学的认识并非完全一致。董必武、吴玉章、林伯渠等年龄比较大的党员,对儒学的态度相对温和一些;毛泽东、周恩来、恽代英等青年党员对孔子的崇敬心理尚未完全褪去;在批判儒学已经成为新文化运动的鲜明标识的情况下,郭沫若、范文澜等不仅对儒学有比较深入的研究,而且还对马克思主义与儒学之间的关系作了初步探讨。早期中国共产党人对儒学的认识存在这种差异并非偶然,实际上是当时思想文化界对儒学种种态度在党内的体现,带有明显的时代烙印。In the period of the founding of the CPC and the Great Revolution,facing the fierce cultural conflicts and disputes,in order to construct the new culture of the Chinese nation,the early Chinese Communists represented by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao made fierce criticisms on Confucianism.At the same time,they also draws lessons from the contents of the Confucianism.However,because of the factors such as growing up experience,educational background,knowledge structure,emotional likes and dislikes,the early Chinese Communists’understanding of Confucianism was not completely consistent.Dong Biwu,Wu Yuzhang,Lin Boqu and other older party members,have a relatively moderate attitude toward Confucianism.Mao Zedong,Zhou Enlai,Yun Daiying and other young party members have not yet completely faded away their reverence for Confucius.Under the condition that criticizing Confucianism has become the distinctive symbol of the New Culture Movement,Guo Moruo and Fan Wenlan not only made a thorough study on Confucianism,but also made a preliminary study on the relationship between Marxism and Confucianism.The difference in the understanding of Confucianism among the early Chinese Communists is not accidental,but in fact,it is the embodiment of the various attitudes of the ideological and cultural circles towards Confucianism in the CPC at that time,with obvious brand of the times.

关 键 词：早期中国共产党人 儒学 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]