新型避险车道拦阻系统设计、模拟及试验研究  

Design,simulation and experimental study on novel escape ramp arresting system

作　　者：许秀晨 张宏超[1] 杜晓博 张锋 赵先鹏 XU Xiuchen;ZHANG Hongchao;DU Xiaobo;ZHANG Feng;ZHAO Xianpeng(Experimental Teaching Center of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Postdoctoral Station of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804 [2]同济大学机械工程流动站,上海201804

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2025年第4期78-84,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

摘　　要：【目标】为减少长大下坡路段因刹车失灵而造成的车辆失控事故,研发了一种新型避险车道拦阻系统,能够有效降低失控车辆的速度。【方法】基于航空母舰舰载机拦停装置,研制了一种可变索力阻尼器装置,运用有限元仿真软件对拦阻系统进行结构优化。针对不同车型车辆,通过设置单道或3道不同高度拦阻网,实现了对失控车辆的有效控制,同时最大限度保证车内乘客安全。利用实车撞击试验进一步证明新型避险车道拦阻系统的有效性。【结果】新型拦阻系统提供可变索力控制,在车辆拦截过程中最大限度保持车辆平衡,对车内乘员损伤较小,能够实现大多数情况下(重型高速情况除外)失控车辆有效拦截;建立的拦阻系统有限元模型能够真实模拟实际撞击试验过程中车辆的形态,同时模拟结果与试验中获得的车辆最大加速度误差仅为3%,为后续模拟不同失控车型、不同拦阻网数量及结构优化提供有力保障。【结论】研究结果对于长大下坡路段事故频发区域具有重要意义,能够有效提升驾乘人员的安全。[Objective]To reduce the loss of vehicle control accidents caused by brake failure on long downhill sections,a novel escape ramp arresting system was developed,effectively reducing the out of control vehicle speed.[Method]Based on the arresting device of aircraft carrier,a variable cable force damper device was developed.The finite element simulation software was used to optimize the arresting system structure.For different types of vehicles,by setting up a single or three arresting nets with different heights,the effective control of out of control vehicle was realized,while maximizing vehicle occupant safety.The effectiveness of novel escape ramp arresting system was further demonstrated by using the real vehicle impact test.[Result]The novel escape ramp arresting system provides the variable cable force control.It maximizes the vehicle balance during vehicle interception process,and minimizes the occupant injury.It is able to realize the effective interception of out of control vehicle in most cases,except the case of heavy-duty high-speed.The finite element model of arresting system can realistically simulate the vehicle shapes in actual impact tests.Simultaneously,the error between the simulation result and the maximum vehicle acceleration obtained in test is only 3%.The result provides strong guarantees for subsequent simulations of different out of control vehicles,different number of arresting nets,and structural optimization.[Conclusion]The study result is of great significance for the accident-prone areas of long downhill sections.It can effectively improve the safety of drivers and vehicle occupants.

关 键 词：道路工程 新型避险车道拦阻系统 有限元仿真 实车撞击试验 车内乘员损伤 

分 类 号：U417.9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]