电动汽车无线充电系统耦合系数与电磁安全分析  

Coupling coefficient and electromagnetic safety analysis on electric vehicle wireless charging system

作　　者：张新锋 崔金龙[2] 汪亚君 李浩 ZHANG Xinfeng;CUI Jinlong;WANG Yajun;LI Hao(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Transport for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064,China;School of Automobile,Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2025年第4期162-170,共9页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GY-303);西安市科技计划项目(2022GXFW0152)。

摘　　要：【目标】研究电动汽车无线充电系统耦合系数及传输线圈间电磁辐射安全问题。【方法】首先,利用建立的SS结构电路等效模型,分析了对系统传输功率幅值与效率的影响因素。然后,根据汽车底盘安装尺寸设计了方形与圆形2种线圈,探究其耦合系数随气隙大小、x轴和y轴方向水平偏移的变化情况,并与矩形线圈和DD线圈进行性能对比。其次,由于方形线圈具有更好的耦合性能,因此进一步对比分析了匝间距对方形线圈耦合系数,和不同形状磁芯对传输线圈间耦合系数的影响。最后,建立无线充电系统模型和人体及重要器官模型,设置介电常数、电导率和磁导率等电磁参数,研究分析了驾驶员车内坐姿、车外站姿、车内躺姿这3种情况下人体重要器官在11 kW无线充电系统中的电磁安全问题。【结果】坐姿最大辐射值表现在大脑,站姿最大辐射值表现在肾脏,躺姿最大辐射值也表现在肾脏,但小于坐姿情况下肾脏的辐射值。3种情况下最大辐射值会受到器官本身的大小、电磁参数和所在位置的影响,并且大脑、肾脏、脾脏和肺脏在3种情况受到的影响较大,应重点关注。【结论】为了降低无线充电系统对外辐射的程度,对发射端线圈屏蔽板进行了重新设计,通过设计凹形发射端线圈屏蔽板,使得人体脚掌所受到的电磁辐射相比传统的铝板显著降低。[Objective]The study investigates the coupling coefficient of electric vehicle wireless charging system,and the electromagnetic radiation safety among transmission coils.[Method]First,the established SS structure circuit equivalent model was used to analyze the influencing factors on the system transmission power amplitude and efficiency.Second,according to the installation size of automotive chassis,the square coil and circular coil were designed.The coupling coefficients varying with air gap size,horizontal offset in x-axis and y-axis directions were investigated.The performance was compared with rectangular coil and DD coil.Then,due to the better coupling performance of square coils,the influence of turn spacing on square coil coupling coefficient,as well as the influence of different shapes of magnetic core on coupling coefficient among transmission coils,were compared and analyzed.Finally,the wireless charging system model and the model of human body and important organs were established.The electromagnetic parameters were set,i.e.,dielectric constant,conductivity and permeability.The electromagnetic safety issues of important human organs in 11 kW wireless charging system under 3 conditions(i.e.,driver’s sitting posture,standing posture outside vehicle,and lying posture inside vehicle)were analyzed.[Result]The maximum radiation value is expressed in the brain when sitting.The maximum radiation value is expressed in the kidney when standing.The maximum radiation value is expressed in the kidney as well when lying,while it is smaller than that when sitting.The maximum radiation values under 3 conditions were influenced by the size,electromagnetic parameters and location of the organ itself.The brain,kidney,spleen,and lung are significantly affected,which should be paid more attention to.[Conclusion]To reduce the degree of external radiation from wireless charging system,the transmission coil shielding plate was redesigned.By designing a concave transmission coil shielding plate,the electromagnetic radiation

关 键 词：汽车工程 耦合系数 电磁安全 电动汽车 无线充电 传输线圈 屏蔽板 

分 类 号：U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]