动作任务与认知任务干扰对老年人下楼梯行走身体动态稳定性的影响  

Effects of Motion and Cognitive Task Interventions on Dynamic Stability of the Body for Older Adults During Stair Descent

作　　者：付倩 闫晓芹 王疆娜 马刚 孙威[2] FU Qian;YAN Xiaoqin;WANG Jiangna;MA Gang;SUN Wei(Graduate School,Shandong Sport University,Ji’nan 250102,China;College of Sports and Health,Shandong Sport University,Ji’nan 250102,China;Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force,Tianjin 300309,China)

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院研究生教育学院,济南250102 [2]山东体育学院运动与健康学院,济南250102 [3]武警后勤学院,天津300309

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2025年第2期316-322,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12402373,31700815);国家体育总局科技创新项目(24KJCX065)。

摘　　要：目的探讨动作任务与认知任务干扰对老年人下楼梯行走身体稳定性的影响。方法共招募52名老年受试者,使用Vicon红外动作捕捉系统与Kistler测力台,同步采集老年人下楼梯行走时单任务(single task,ST)、动作任务(manual task,MT)和认知任务(cognitive task,CT)3种模式下的运动学与动力学数据。通过引入动态稳度(margin of stability,MoS)算法,对老年人下楼梯行走的身体稳定性进行量化评定。应用重复测量方差分析比较不同任务各指标组内差异。结果相比于ST,老年人在MT和CT中步速显著减小(P<0.001),步频显著降低(P<0.001);老年人在CT中步长显著减小(P=0.037)。前后方向身体动态稳定性指标方面,相比于ST,老年人在MT和CT中质心速度显著增大(P<0.001),外推质心的位置显著增大(P<0.001),MoS显著减小(P<0.001);相比于CT,老年人在MT中质心位移显著增大(P=0.011),质心速度显著增大(P=0.014),外推质心的位置显著增大(P<0.001)。内外方向身体动态稳定性指标方面,相比于ST,老年人在MT和CT中质心位移显著减小(P<0.001);相比于ST,老年人在MT中外推质心位置显著减小(P=0.001),MoS显著增大(P=0.038)。结论老年人下楼梯行走受到双任务干扰时,通过“减慢步速、降低步频、减小步长”的步态调整策略,内外方向的动态稳定性能够得到维持,但前后方向的动态稳定性仍显著降低,跌倒风险增大。Objective To investigate how interference from motor and cognitive tasks affects the postural stability of older adults during stair descent.Methods A total of 52 elderly subjects were recruited.Using the Vicon infrared motion capture system and Kistler force plate,the kinematic and dynamic data were collected simultaneously during stair descent under three conditions:single task(ST),motor task(MT),and cognitive task(CT).The body stability during stair descent was assessed quantitatively using the margin of stability(MoS)algorithm.Repeated measures ANOVA was applied to compare differences across conditions.Results Compared to the ST condition,both step speed(P<0.001)and step frequency(P<0.001)were significantly 316 reduced under MT and CT conditions.Step length(P=0.037)was also significantly reduced under the CT condition compared to those under the ST condition.In the aspect of anterior-posterior dynamic stability,compared to the ST condition,centroid velocity(P<0.001)and extrapolated centroid position(P<0.001)were significantly increased,while MoS(P<0.001)was significantly decreased under both MT and CT conditions.In comparison to the CT condition,centroid displacement(P=0.011)and velocity(P=0.014),as well as extrapolated centroid position(P<0.001),were significantly greater those under the MT condition.In the aspect of medial-lateral dynamic stability,compared to the ST condition,centroid displacement(P<0.001)was significantly reduced under MT and CT conditions.Additionally,the extrapolated centroid position(P=0.001)was significantly reduced,and MoS(P=0.038)was significantly increased under the MT condition compared to those under the ST condition.Conclusions Older adults adjust their gait in response to dual-task interference during stairs descent by‘slowing down step speed,reducing step frequency,and shortening step length’.This adjustment helps maintain medial-lateral dynamic stability,but significantly decreases anterior-posterior dynamic stability,thereby increasing the risk of falls.

关 键 词：双任务干扰 老年人 下楼梯 动态稳度 姿势控制 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]