稻草还田土壤病毒类群与细菌氮循环相关基因的关联  

Associations between viral communities in rice straw-incorporated soil and nitrogen cycle-related genes in associated bacteria

作　　者：陈玮玮 铁梅 周昌敏 孙丽丽 顾文杰 卢钰升 邓盾 徐培智[1,2] 解开治 CHEN Wei-wei;TIE Mei;ZHOU Chang-min;SUN Li-li;GU Wen-jie;LU Yu-sheng;DENG Dun;XU Pei-zhi;XIE Kai-zhi(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Soil Microbes and Cultivated Land Conservation,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/广东省土壤微生物与耕地保育工程技术研究中心,广东广州510640 [3]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期631-643,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心项目(XT202220);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050020);国家自然科学基金(42307185);广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515011125);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202010027);“十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09)。

摘　　要：【目的】病毒是稻田土壤微生物群落的重要组成部分,在调节宿主群落和土壤元素生物地球化学循环过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。探析稻草还田下稻田土壤病毒与宿主相互作用机制以及辅助代谢基因(AMGs)的表达,有助于揭示病毒在稻田土壤氮循环过程中的深远影响,为了解病毒在土壤元素生物地球化学循环过程中的作用提供新视角。【方法】长期稻草还田定位试验位于广东省惠州市,始于2015年。选择稻草不还田对照(CK)、1.1倍稻草还田(S1,单季稻草还田量7075 kg/hm^(2))、1.2倍稻草还田(S2,单季稻草还田量7750 kg/hm^(2))、1.3倍稻草还田(S3,单季稻草还田量8425 kg/hm^(2))、稻草全量还田(S,单季稻草还田量6400 kg/hm^(2))5个处理土壤样品,采用宏基因组和宏病毒组测序技术,分析了稻田土壤病毒、细菌以及AMGs结构。【结果】稻田土壤病毒优势科为圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)、微小噬菌体科(Microviridae)、双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)和类双生病毒科(Genomoviridae),但仍有84.62%~93.92%病毒科未被分类或未知。稻草还田量对稻田土壤病毒的影响显著,S处理中圆环病毒科(Circoviridae)的丰度显著增加(P<0.05),S1、S2和S3处理中类双生病毒科(Genomoviridae)的丰度显著降低,而未分类或未知病毒科的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。稻田土壤优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),稻草还田量和水稻生育期对土壤优势细菌门均无显著影响。共检测到8条病毒contigs携带有机氮转化基因glnA、gltD、gdhA和ncd2/npd,这些病毒contigs在稻草还田处理中的丰度几乎全部高于CK。宿主预测结果表明,2条携带氮循环基因的病毒contigs宿主为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)和放线菌门(Actinomycetota),其余病毒contigs未预测到宿主。细菌ncd2/npd基因丰度与微生物量氮含量呈显著正相关(P=0.015,n=10),而与铵态氮�【Objectives】Viruses are an important component of soil microbial communities in paddy fields,and play a non-negligible role in regulating host communities and elemental biogeochemical cycles.Exploring the interaction mechanism between viruses and hosts and the expression of accessory metabolic genes(AMGs)in paddy fields under rice straw returning is helpful to reveal the far-reaching effects of viruses on soil nitrogen cycling in paddy fields,aiming to provide a new perspective for understanding the role of viruses in the process of soil element biogeochemical cycling.【Methods】A long-term straw return positioning experiment has been conducted in Huizhou,Guangdong Province,since 2015.Soil samples were collected in 2023 from five treatment plots:no straw returning(CK),total straw returning(S,the amount of straw returned to the field in a single season is 6400 kg/hm^(2)),and 1.1,1.2,and 1.3 times of the whole straw return amount(S1,S2,and S3,the amount of straw returned to the field in a single season are 7075 kg/hm^(2),7750 kg/hm^(2),8425 kg/hm^(2),respectively).The community composition of soil viruses and bacteria,and the relative abundances of viruses,bacteria,and AMGs involved in the nitrogen cycle process were analyzed by metagenomic and metavirome sequencing technology.【Results】The dominant families of soil viruses in paddy fields were Circoviridae,Microviridae,Geminiviridae and Genomoviridae,but 84.62%−93.92%of the viridae were still unclassified or unknown.S treatment increased the abundance of Circoviridae significantly,while S1,S2 and S3 treatments decreased the abundance of Genomoviridae but increased the relative abundances of unclassified or unknown viridae significantly(P<0.05).The dominant bacterial phylum in paddy field were Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria,and the straw return amount and the growth period of rice had no significant effect on the dominant bacterial phylum.A total of 8 viral contigs carrying the organic nitrogen transformation genes glnA,gltD,gdhA and ncd2/n

关 键 词：稻田土壤 稻草还田 病毒 细菌 氮循环相关基因 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]