褪黑素通过调控根系形态生理特性增强大豆幼苗对抗低磷胁迫的能力  

Melatonin enhances the resistance of soybean seedlings to low-phosphorus stress by regulating root morphological and physiological characteristics

作　　者：吴天一 贝世俊 褚霈宇 吴耀坤[3] 贾鸿昌[4] 朱嘉宇 商晓寒 王孟雪[1] 金喜军[1] WU Tian-yi;BEI Shi-jun;CHU Pei-yu;WU Yao-kun;JIA Hong-chang;ZHU Jia-yu;SHANG Xiao-han;WANG Meng-xue;JIN Xi-jun(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Heihe Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe,Heilongjiang 164300,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期718-729,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1000105);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2023-ZX03);黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ05B011);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B016)。

摘　　要：【目的】从根系形态和生理特征的角度,研究褪黑素提高大豆幼苗抗低磷胁迫的途径。【方法】采用1片复叶期的大豆幼苗为材料进行砂培试验。在营养液中设置两个磷水平:0.5 mmol/L(正常磷对照,CK)和0.05 mmol/L(低磷胁迫,P0.05),并在磷胁迫下增设淋浇100μmol/L褪黑素处理(P0.05+M)。在褪黑素处理后的0、5、10、15和20天,破坏性取大豆幼苗地上部(植株)和根部样品,调查与大豆幼苗根系和地上部生长相关的形态和生理指标,分析褪黑素与各指标之间的关系。【结果】与CK相比,P0.05处理显著抑制了大豆幼苗和根系生长。与P0.05处理相比,第5、10、15和20天,P0.05+M处理大豆根系谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸−草酰乙酸转移酶(GOT)、谷氨酸−丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量平均提高10.63%、4.3%、4.8%、13.73%、6.18%、7.05%、5.23%,而铵态氮、硝态氮含量分别降低了9.7%、5.41%。褪黑素处理后第10和20天,P0.05+M处理大豆根长、根体积、根瘤数、根表面积、平均直径、根尖数、根系活力较P0.05处理分别平均提高了4.59%、27.51%、12.67%、7.27%、3.57%、22.23%、11%;叶、茎、根以及全株的氮素积累量分别平均提高了108.37%、201.82%、58.93%、87.38%,磷素积累量则分别平均提高了62.69%、63.24%、55.84%、59.96%;叶片Chla、Chlb、Chl(a+b)、Car含量分别平均提高了13.02%、23.02%、15.66%、29.59%,气体交换参数Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr分别平均提高了16.64%、10.4%、3.2%、13.04%;株高、茎粗、叶面积、节数、叶干重、茎干重、根干重、全株干物质积累量分别平均提高了22.88%、17.09%、62.07%、20.97%、52.43%、25.6%、33.93%、38.58%。Mantel检测结果显示,大部分根系形态和生理指标之间,以及它们与大豆植株地上部形态、干物质积累、氮和磷素积累量间呈显著正相关关系。随机森林分析进一�【Objectives】We analyzed the key indicators for melatonin to promote the resistance of soybean seedlings to low phosphorus stress,from the perspective of regulating root morphology and physiological characteristics.【Methods】Soybean seedlings at 1 compound leaf stage(V1 stage)were used as materials to carry out a sand culture experiment.The P concentration 0.5 and 0.05 mmol/L were set up as normal phosphorus control(CK)and low P stress(P0.05),and applying 100μmol/L of melatonin under low P stress was taken as melatonin treatment(P0.05+M).At the 0,5,10,15,and 20 days after the melatonin treatment,soybean plants and roots were sampled for investigation of plant growth,root morphological indicators,and the determination of physiological indicators.【Results】Compared with CK,P0.05 treatment significantly inhibited the growth of soybean seedlings.Compared with the P0.05 treatment,at days 5,10,15,and 20,the P0.05+M treatment increased the activities of glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate synthetase(GOGAT),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),glutamate oxaloacetate transferase(GOT),glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT),and the contents of soluble protein and free amino acids in roots by an average of 10.63%,4.3%,4.8%,13.73%,6.18%,7.05%,5.23%,but decreased ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content by 9.7%and 5.41%,respectively.On the 10th and 20th days,the P0.05+M treatment increased soybean root length,root volume,number of root nodules,root surface area,average diameter,number of root tip,and root vitality by an average of 4.59%,27.51%,12.67%,7.27%,3.57%,22.23%,and 11%compared to the P0.05 treatment;the average nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of leaves,stems,roots,and the whole plant increased by 108.37%,201.82%,58.93%,87.38%,and 62.69%,63.24%,55.84%,and 59.96%,respectively;the content of photosynthetic pigments Chla,Chlb,Chl(a+b),Car and gas exchange parameters Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr increased by an average of 13.02%,23.02%,15.66%,29.59%and 16.64%,10.4%,3.2%,13.04%,respectively;the average increase in plant height,stem thicknes

关 键 词：大豆 低磷胁迫 褪黑素 根系形态和生理 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]