不同施肥措施对橡胶树胶乳产量和品质的影响  

Effect of different fertilization practices on the yield and quality of rubber tree latex

作　　者：屈继祯 林清火[2,3] 金东奇 杨红竹 林文惠[2,3] 黄艳艳 宁海森 赵庆杰 李建宏 QU Ji-zhen;LIN Qing-huo;JIN Dong-qi;YANG Hong-zhu;LIN Wen-hui;HUANG Yan-yan;NING Hai-sen;ZHAO Qing-jie;LI Jian-hong(Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College,Hainan University,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Danzhou Rubber Plantation Soil Environment Hainan Province Field Scientific Observation Station,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu’er,Yunnan 665099,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州571737 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [3]儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州571737 [4]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期759-773,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201);海南省教育厅重点项目(Hnky2021ZD-8);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS006);中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202303);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022024001)。

摘　　要：【目的】我国天然橡胶生产中普遍存在施肥不合理、胶乳质量不高的问题。通过研究多种施肥方式和肥料组合对土壤养分、橡胶产量和品质的影响,为天然橡胶绿色高效生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2023年在海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院试验场开展田间试验。以常规氮磷钾施肥为对照(T),并设置常规氮磷钾施肥与割面涂施锌钼肥(Z)、穴施硅硼肥(S)、萌生带洒施水溶性有机肥(C)以及铁锰氧化菌剂(B)组合等处理,共12个处理。试验结束时采集土壤样品,测定各处理萌生带土壤与施肥穴土壤基本理化性质,调查胶乳产量与生胶品质,采用熵权-TOPSIS法对各施肥措施的效果进行综合评价与优选。【结果】与T处理相比,所有施用水溶性有机肥的8个处理均大幅提升了萌生带土壤pH值与速效钾含量,所有施用水溶性有机肥+铁锰氧化菌剂的4个处理萌生带土壤有机质含量增加了10.38%~34.4%。除水溶性有机肥+铁锰氧化菌剂+硅硼肥处理(CBS)外,其他7个施用水溶性有机肥的处理均能显著提高干胶产量,增幅为25.5%~49.3%。除单施水溶性有机肥处理外,其他7个施用水溶性有机肥的处理均能显著降低胶乳中游离钙含量,降幅为20.0%~33.0%。另外,施用水溶性有机肥+锌钼肥+硅硼肥(CZS)处理显著增加了胶乳中的硫醇和无机磷含量,增幅分别为10.2%和22.5%。CZS处理显著增加了天然橡胶的重均分子量(达到180.28×104 g/mol),并降低了分子量分布的宽度系数。通过熵权-TOPSIS法分析发现,CZS处理提升胶乳产量与生胶品质的综合效果最佳,其次是施用水溶性有机肥及其配施菌剂的处理。【结论】穴施硅硼肥能提升施肥穴土壤pH值,施用水溶性有机肥可提升萌生带土壤pH值和速效钾、有机质含量。在基施氮磷钾复合肥基础上,水溶性有机肥、锌钼肥和硅硼肥三者配合施用可进一步显著提升干胶产量,降低胶�【Objectives】In China,natural rubber production is plagued by irrational fertilization practices and low latex quality.The effects of various fertilization methods and fertilizer combinations on soil nutrients,rubber yield and quality were studied to provide technical support for the green and efficient production of natural rubber.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Experimental Farm of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in Danzhou City,Hainan Province.Twelve treatments were designed,on the base of conventional NPK fertilization(T).The 12 treatments were composed of single and combined application of zinc-molybdenum fertilizer tapping on the rubber tapping panel(Z),silicon-boron fertilizer applied in caves(S),water-soluble organic fertilizer sprayed on the soil belt between tree rows(C),and Fe-Mn oxidizing bacteria inoculant sprayed on inter row soil(B).At the end of the experiment,soil samples were collected to determine the basic physicochemical properties of the soil in inter-row soil belt and fertilization caves.The latex yield and quality of raw rubber were investigated.The entropy weight-TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the effects of various fertilization measures.【Results】Compared with T,all the 8 treatments containing C significantly increased soil pH and available K content,all the 4 treatments containing C+B increased soil organic matter content by 10.38%to 34.4%.Except for the CBS treatment,other 7 C-containing treatments significantly increased dry rubber yield by 25.5%to 49.3%.Except for the single C treatment,the other 7 C-containing treatments significantly reduced free Ca content in latex by 20.0%to 33.0%.Additionally,the treatment CZS significantly increased thiol and inorganic P content in latex by 10.2%and 22.5%,respectively,increased the weight-average molecular weight of natural rubber(reaching 180.28×104 g/mol)and reduced the width coefficient of molecular weight distribution.The entropy weight-TOPSIS analys

关 键 词：天然橡胶 施肥策略 胶乳品质 橡胶分子量 综合评价 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]