铵硝配比对芒果幼苗不同养分吸收特征的影响  

Effects of ammonium-nitrate ratios on the nutrient absorption characteristics of mango(Mangifera indica L.)

作　　者：陈蓉 杨杰 陈盖洵 凡超[1] CHEN Rong;YANG Jie;CHEN Gai-xun;FAN Chao(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Chaozhou Agricultural Science and Technology Research Center,Chaozhou,Guangdong 521011,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省果树科学与技术研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]潮州市农业科学技术研究中心,广东潮州521011

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期774-788,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划“现代种业”重大专项(2022B0202070002);2023年省级乡村振兴战略专项—种业振兴行动项目(2023-NBH-00-013)。

摘　　要：【目的】铵态氮与硝态氮的配比(铵硝比)是影响芒果养分吸收的重要因素,探究芒果在不同铵硝比下吸收铵态氮、硝态氮、磷、钾、钙、镁能力的差异,为芒果合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以一年生‘鹰嘴芒’幼苗为试材进行了水培试验。以Hoagland营养液为基础,在保持总氮浓度不变的前提下,设置5个铵硝比处理:0∶1(T1)、3∶7(T2)、1∶1(T3)、7∶3(T4)和1∶0(T5)。将氮饥饿处理48 h的芒果幼苗于处理营养液中培养0、1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12和24 h后,采集溶液样本,测定营养液中铵态氮、硝态氮、总氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量,并以Michaelis-Menten动力学方程拟合养分吸收特征。试验结束时,采集植株根系样品,测量根系生物量,分析氮素含量。【结果】不同铵硝配比下,芒果根系吸收NO_(3)^(−)、NH_(4)^(+)和总氮的规律符合MichaelisMenten动力学方程。5个硝铵比处理下,根系对NO_(3)^(−)的最大吸收速率、亲和力和NO_(3)^(−)进入根系的速率均高于NH_(4)^(+),且在T4处理下,根系对NO_(3)^(−)的吸收能力和耐贫瘠能力强于NH_(4)^(+)。T2、T3和T4处理下,根系对NO_(3)^(−)和NH_(4)^(+)的吸收速率随着铵硝比的增大而变化,且NO_(3)^(−)的吸收速率比NH_(4)^(+)变化剧烈;根系对总氮的最大吸收速率和总氮进入根系的速率随着铵硝比的增大而减小;根系与总氮的亲和力及根系对总氮的吸收能力和耐贫瘠能力在T3处理时达到最大。不同铵硝配比处理的芒果根系对NO_(3)^(−)和NH_(4)^(+)的吸收速率随培养时间延长均为先升后降,而对H_(2)PO_(4)^(−)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)的吸收速率则是持续下降,且均在10 h趋于平稳。T1处理下,根系对K^(+)和Ca^(2+)的亲和力及在低浓度H_(2)PO_(4)^(−)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)下的存活能力最强;T2处理下,根系对K^(+)的最大吸收速率和吸收能力达到最大值;T3处理下,根系与H_(2)PO_(4)^(−)的亲和力和�【Objectives】The ammonium-nitrate ratio is an important factor to affect the nutrient absorption of mango(Mangifera indica L.).The ammonium nitrogen(AN),nitrate nitrogen(NN),P,K,Ca,and Mg uptake of mango with varied ammonium-nitrate ratios was explored,aiming to screen the most suitable ammonium-nitrate ratio and provide a basis for rational fertilization in mango.【Methods】An hydroponic experiment was conducted using mango seedlings of cultivar‘Golek’as test materials.Based on the Hoagland nutrition solution,five ammonium-nitrate ratios was setup,i.e.0∶1(T1),3∶7(T2),1∶1(T3),7∶3(T4),and 1:0(T5).The mango seedlings had cultured for 48 h under no nitrogen supply before grown in the treatment nutrient solutions.At 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,and 24 hours of culture,nutrient solution samples were collected for determination of ammonia,nitrate,total nitrogen(TN),P,K,Ca,and Mg concentrations.Michaelis-Menten kinetics equations were adapted to measure the kinetic parameters of the ion uptake.【Results】The absorption pattern of NO_(3)^(−),NH_(4)^(+),and TN uptake by mango root followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics equation under different ammonium-nitrate ratios.The maximum absorption rate,affinity and flow velocity of NO_(3)^(−)were higher than those of NH_(4)^(+)under all treatments,while the absorption capacity and poorness-resistance of NO_(3)^(−)were higher than those of NH_(4)^(+)under T4 treatment.The flow rate of NO_(3)^(−)and NH_(4)^(+)continued change with the prolongation of ammonium-nitrate ratios and NO_(3)^(−)changed more easily than NH_(4)^(+)under T2,T3,and T4,whereas the maximum absorption rate and flow rate of TN continued reducing,and the affinity,absorption capacity and poorness-resistance of TN were highest at T3 treatment.The absorption rates of NO_(3)^(−)and NH_(4)^(+)by the mango roots treated with different ammonium-nitrate ratios increased first and then decreased with the extension of culture time,while the absorption rates of H_(2)PO_(4)^(−),K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+

关 键 词：芒果 铵硝比 养分 动力学参数 吸收能力 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]