基于叶片营养与重金属生态风险的栾树和金叶白蜡污泥产品施用阈值研究  

Sludge product application thresholds for Koelreuteria paniculata and Fraxinus chinensis based on foliar nutrition and heavy metal ecological risk

作　　者：朱坤 彭祚登[1] 赵云 孙振军 刘武 ZHU Kun;PENG Zuo-deng;ZHAO Yun;SUN Zhen-jun;LIU Wu(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Jingxi Forest Farm Management Office,Beijing 101118,China)

机构地区：[1]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室/北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]北京市京西林场管理处,北京101118

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期789-799,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家发改委环境污染第三方治理项目(2017HXFWLXY023);北京城市排水集团委托项目(BJPS-2022-JT-NCB-SC-0037)。

摘　　要：【目的】北京山区面积大,有巨大的消纳污泥产品的潜力。我们研究了污泥产品对石质山地景观生态林栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)和金叶白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)叶片中养分、渗透调节物质和重金属含量的影响,以及适宜的施用量,为提高景观生态林生长质量、防范可能的生态风险提供理论依据。【方法】田间原位试验于2023年7月在北京市石质山地新造林地区开展,设置5个污泥产品施用量水平,分别为0、16、32、48、64 kg/株,依次记为CK、T1、T2、T3、T4,于2024年5月采集叶片样本,分析叶片养分、渗透调节物质及重金属含量,采用隶属函数−熵权法综合计算两种彩叶树的适宜污泥产品施用量。【结果】栾树和金叶白蜡4个污泥产品处理的叶片N含量均显著高于CK,随污泥产品施用量的增加,N含量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,且均在T3处理下达到最高值,分别为24.253、28.810 g/kg,而叶片P、K含量却无明显变化规律。栾树和金叶白蜡叶片的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量随污泥产品施用量的增加大致呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,但均低于CK或与CK无显著差异,T3处理下栾树和T2处理下金叶白蜡叶片脯氨酸含量均达到最高,分别为CK的2.50和4.62倍。随污泥产品施用量的增加,栾树叶片Zn、Pb、Ni含量均有增加趋势,但与CK无显著差异,而Cu含量在T1、T2和T4处理下显著高于CK;金叶白蜡叶片的Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni含量均在T2处理下最低,Hg含量在T2处理下却是最高,其中Cu和Ni含量呈现出先升高后降低再升高的趋势,Pb、Hg含量变化趋势与其相反,Zn含量则先降低后升高。综合评价得出栾树叶片在T3处理下综合得分值最大(0.553),各项监测性状指标值较为均衡;金叶白蜡叶片在T2处理下综合得分值最大(0.620)。【结论】施用污泥产品没有造成栾树和金叶白蜡叶片重金属的积累,也没有对其生长产生抑制作用,相反还在一定程【Objectives】Beijing boasts a vast mountainous area with significant potential for sludge product assimilation.We investigated the effects of sludge products on nutrient content,osmoregulation substances,and heavy metal concentrations in the leaves of landscape ecological forest trees,namely Koelreuteria paniculata and Fraxinus chinensis(Golden Leaf Ash),as well as the appropriate application rates.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the growth quality of landscape ecological forests and mitigating potential ecological risks.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in a newly afforested areas of stony mountains in Beijing in July 2023.Five sludge product application amounts were set up,0,16,32,48,64 kg/plant,which were denoted as CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 in sequence.Leaf samples were collected in May 2024,and the contents of nutrients,osmoregulatory substances and heavy metals were analyzed.The appropriate sludge products application amounts for the two colored-leaf trees were comprehensively calculated using the membership function-entropy weight method.【Results】The leaf N content of both Koelreuteria paniculata and Fraxinus chinensis treated with the four sludge products was significantly higher than that of the CK.With the increase in the application amount of sludge products,the N content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and both of them reached the highest under T3 treatment,which were 24.253 g/kg and 28.810 g/kg respectively.However,there was no obvious variation pattern in the contents of leaf P and K.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata and Fraxinus chinensis generally showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in the application amount of sludge products,but they were all lower than CK or had no significant difference with CK.The proline contents in the leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata under the T3 treatment and Fraxinus chinensis under the T2 treatment reached the h

关 键 词：污泥产品 栾树 金叶白蜡 叶片 营养 重金属 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]