镁营养缓解植物铝毒机制的研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanism of magnesium nutrition alleviating aluminum toxicity in plants

作　　者：刘欢 马明珠 黄翯 Shaikh Amjad-salam 白蕊 杨云洪 刘轶飞[1] 韩晓日[1] LIU Huan;MA Ming-zhu;HUANG He;SHAIKH Amjad Salam;BAI Rui;YANG Yun-hong;LIU Yi-fei;HAN Xiao-ri(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Dandong Tobacco Company of Liaoning Province,Dandong,Liaoning 118002,China;Yingkou Magnesite Chemical Group Company Limited,Yingkou,Liaoning 115100,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省烟草公司丹东市公司,辽宁丹东118002 [3]营口菱镁化工集团有限公司,辽宁营口115100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2025年第4期810-818,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31772391);辽宁省国际科技合作计划项目(2024JH2/10190004);中国烟草总公司辽宁省公司科技项目(2023210600240088)。

摘　　要：世界耕地面积的40%以上为酸性土壤,铝(Al)毒害是酸性土壤中限制植物生长和产量的主要障碍因子之一。镁(Mg)是植物的必需营养元素,是植物细胞内含量最丰富的游离二价金属元素,可通过多种途径参与植物非生物逆境的抗性调控过程。Mg^(2+)和Al^(3+)的水化半径相似,这两种离子竞争结合植物离子转运体和其他重要的生物分子。本文基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心数据库,共检索到79篇1989—2024年发表的植物镁铝互作研究文献。分析结果表明,外源镁可以有效减轻酸性土壤中的植物铝毒害,其作用机制包括:1)Mg^(2+)与Al^(3+)有效竞争植物质膜上的结合位点;2)有效增加植物有机酸分泌;3)上调铝诱导的镁转运蛋白基因表达,增强对镁的吸收,提高耐铝性;4)显著增强质膜H+-ATPase促进有机酸的分泌;5)增强抗氧化酶活性,减少ROS的产生,降低铝诱导的氧化应激风险;6)提高光合作用和碳氮代谢相关酶活性,缓解铝胁迫导致的光合障碍和源库失衡。除此之外,镁还在植物基本的细胞代谢过程中发挥关键作用,如维持质膜和液泡质体中的质子泵活性,影响一氧化氮生物合成酶活性和相关基因表达,显著提升高铝毒农田土壤中植物产量和品质。有趣的是,在水稻、小麦等单子叶植物中,毫摩尔浓度的Mg^(2+)主要通过降低Al^(3+)在细胞壁和质膜结合位点的饱和活性来减轻土壤铝的毒性。在大豆(Glycine max)、赤小豆(Vigna umbellata)、蚕豆(Vicia faba)等双子叶豆科植物中,微摩尔浓度的Mg^(2+)可以增强有机配体的生物合成,缓解土壤铝毒害。未来的研究工作应着重从以下3个方向展开:一是整合基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学等多组学技术,深入解析镁和铝胁迫响应下的基因表达谱及蛋白质组变化,全面揭示镁与铝胁迫互作的分子调控网络,为培育耐铝毒害作物提供理论依据;二是探究外源镁素营养Over 40%of the world’s arable land are acidic soils,where aluminum(Al)toxicity stands as one of the primary obstacles limiting plant growth and productivity.Magnesium(Mg)is an essential nutrient for plants,being the most abundant free divalent metal ion within plant cells and participating in the regulation of plant resistance to abiotic stresses through various pathways.Given the similar hydration radii of Mg^(2+)and Al^(3+),Mg^(2+)compete with Al^(3+)for binding sites on plant ion transporters and other vital biomolecules,thus alleviating the possible Al^(3+)toxicity.We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science core databases,a total of 79 articles published during 1989 to 2024 were retrieved on plant Mg-Al interaction research.In summary,exogenous Mg can effectively mitigate aluminum toxicity in plants grown in acidic soils,with the following mechanisms:1)Mg^(2+)competes effectively with Al^(3+)for binding sites on the plant plasma membrane;2)it effectively increases the secretion of plant organic acids;3)it upregulates the expression of aluminuminduced Mg transporter genes,enhancing Mg uptake and aluminum tolerance;4)it significantly enhances the plasma membrane H+-ATPase to promote the secretion of organic acids;5)it boosts antioxidant enzyme activity,reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and decreasing the risk of aluminum-induced oxidative stress;6)it improves the activity of enzymes related to photosynthesis and carbon-nitrogen metabolism,alleviating photosynthetic impairments and source-sink imbalances caused by aluminum stress.In addition,Mg plays a pivotal role in fundamental cellular metabolic processes in plants,such as maintaining proton pump activity in the plasma membrane and vacuolar plastids,influencing nitric oxide synthase activity and related gene expression,and significantly enhancing plant yield and quality in high-aluminum-toxicity farmland soils.Interestingly,in monocotyledonous plants like rice and wheat,millimolar concentrations of Mg^(2+)p

关 键 词：铝 镁铝交互 镁转运蛋白 H+-ATP酶 抗氧化酶 碳氮代谢 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]