大型油浸式变压器油箱防爆技术研究综述  

Review on Explosion-proof Technology of Large Oil-immersed Transformer Tank

作　　者：李鹏[1] 孙建涛 赵义焜 罗亮 张进华 蔡洪能[4] 王璇 LI Peng;SUN Jiantao;ZHAO Yikun;LUO Liang;ZHANG Jinhua;CAI Hongneng;WANG Xuan(National Engineering Research Center of UHV Technology(China Electric Power Research Institute),Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China;Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui Province,China;Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design&Rotor-Bearing System(Xi’an Jiaotong University),Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi Province,China;State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials(Xi’an Jiaotong University),Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi Province,China;State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]特高压工程技术国家工程研究中心(中国电力科学院研究院有限公司),北京市海淀区100192 [2]合肥工业大学,安徽省合肥市230009 [3]现代设计及转子轴承系统教育部重点实验空(西安交通大学),陕西省西安市710049 [4]金属材料强度国家重点实验室(西安交通大学),陕西省西安市710049 [5]国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院,山西省太原市030001

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第9期3282-3296,I0001,共16页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202355352A-2-1-ZX)。

摘　　要：大型油浸式变压器作为电力系统的核心设备,其内部高能故障引发的油箱破裂及爆燃事故,严重威胁电网的安全稳定运行。该文首先归纳大型油浸式变压器油箱的结构特点及机械性能薄弱环节,总结针对油箱侧壁、焊缝、局部应力集中部位的结构加强及优化措施。其次,分析油箱的焊接方法及工艺提升措施,探讨焊接结构缺陷及不同焊接工艺下的焊接变形问题。在缓冲吸能材料方面,介绍泡沫铝、蜂窝铝等主流材料及其应用现状,概述油箱箱体柔性化的研究进展,探讨油箱缓冲吸能材料在油箱防爆领域的应用潜力及箱体柔性化的可行性。此外,基于运行设备可靠性及成本因素,总结现有压力释放技术优缺点及优化配置方案的研究成果。最后,提出防-缓-泄协同防爆的技术路线,可为大型油浸式变压器油箱防爆技术的进一步发展与完善提供参考。As a core component of the power system,large oil-immersed transformers pose a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of power grid due to the high-energy failures inside them,which can lead to tank ruptures and explosive combustion incidents.In this paper,the structural characteristics and mechanical properties weaknesses of large oil-immersed transformer oil tanks are summarized,and structural reinforcement and optimization measures for the tank sidewalls,welds,and areas of localized stress concentration are outlined.The welding methods for transformer oil tanks and the measures for improving welding processes are analyzed,while welding structural defects and welding deformations under different welding techniques are discussed.Research directions for welding optimization are proposed.Mainstream energy-absorbing materials,including foam aluminum and honeycomb aluminum,along with their current applications,are introduced.Research progress on the flexibility of oil tank structures is summarized,and the application potential of energy-absorbing materials in the field of oil tank explosion protection is explored,highlighting the promising prospects of these materials in this area.Based on the reliability of operating equipment and cost factors,the advantages and disadvantages of existing pressure relief technologies are summarized,and the optimization design direction for pressure relief devices is analyzed.Based on the aforementioned analysis,this study proposes a coordinated"prevent-buffer-release"technical approach for explosion protection,aiming to provide references for the further development and improvement of explosionproof technology of large oil-immersed transformer oil tanks.

关 键 词：变压器 防爆 焊接 缓冲吸能 柔性油箱 压力释放 

分 类 号：TM411[电气工程—电器]