大型变压器超高速灵敏差速断保护原理  

Principle of a Ultra-fast and Sensitive Differential Protection in Large Transformers

作　　者：杨国生 杜丁香 戴飞扬 柳焕章 曹虹 程琪 张坤俊 张浩 YANG Guosheng;DU Dingxiang;DAI Feiyang;LIU Huanzhang;CAO Hong;CHENG Qi;ZHANG Kunjun;ZHANG Hao(China Electric Power Research Institute,Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China;Central China Branch of State Grid Corporation of China,Wuhan 430077,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京市海淀区100192 [2]国家电网有限公司华中分部,湖北省武汉市430077

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第9期3308-3319,I0003,共13页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202355357A-2-1-ZX)。

摘　　要：电力变压器发生严重内部故障时可能出现爆炸、燃烧等严重后果,而现有变压器保护速动性较难适应抑制燃爆事故的需要。针对此问题,该文提出一种超高速灵敏的变压器差速断原理,利用故障后采样值时域特征,设计采样值变化量一点启动法及变化量绝对值积分方法:前者基于铁磁饱和时差特性,利用电压、电流采样值变化时刻存在时差特性,可在启动瞬间实现涌流识别及闭锁;后者实现了超高灵敏度启动及故障动作,动作时间提升至3 ms内,且在轻微故障条件下仍有较高灵敏度。基于硬件在环的物理动模平台搭建换流变压器仿真测试系统,对该保护新原理在不同故障场景下的动作情况进行仿真,验证其可行性与优越性。可知,该保护原理可显著提高变压器差速断保护动作速度,有效降低燃爆事故风险。When a serious internal fault occurs in a power transformer,serious consequences such as explosion and combustion may occur.Conventional current-based protection schemes often fail to meet the rapid response requirements for preventing such explosion accidents.To address this issue,this article proposes an ultra-fast and sensitive transformer differential tripping principle.By utilizing the post-fault time-domain characteristics of the sampling values,a one-point starting method and an absolute-value integration method for the sampling value variation are designed.The former is based on the time difference characteristics of ferromagnetic saturation,utilizing the time difference characteristics of voltage and current sampling values at the moment of change,and can achieve inrush current identification and locking at the startup point.The latter achieves ultra-high sensitivity start-up and fault tripping,guarantees operation within 3ms,and maintains exceptional sensitivity even under low-magnitude fault conditions.A simulation system for converter transformers based on hardware-looped dynamic simulation physics platform is built,and the operation of the new protection principle under different fault scenarios is simulated to verifying its feasibility and superiority.It can be seen that this protection principle can significantly improve the action speed of transformer differential tripping protection and effectively reduce the risk of explosion accidents.

关 键 词：变压器差速断保护 励磁涌流 相差平方和法 采样值特征 浮动门槛 

分 类 号：TM77[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]