工频交流电压下变压器油中电弧放电初期压力波特性  

Characteristics of Shock Waves During the Initial Arc Discharge in Transformer Oil Under Power Frequency AC Voltage

作　　者：王卓非 章程[1,2] 张耀 张书琦 李鹏 王航 邵涛 WANG Zhuofei;ZHANG Cheng;ZHANG Yao;ZHANG Shuqi;LI Peng;WANG Hang;SHAO Tao(Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion(Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences),Haidian District,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijingshan District,Beijing 100049,China;China Electrical Power Research Institute,Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]等离子体科学和能源转化北京市国际科技合作基地(中国科学院电工研究所),北京市海淀区100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京市石景山区100049 [3]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京市海淀区100192

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第9期3320-3331,I0004,共13页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202355352A-2-1-ZX)。

摘　　要：为探明工频交流电压下变压器油中电弧放电初期压力波演化规律,该文开展油中电弧放电试验,采集放电纹影图像,获得油中电弧放电初期气泡与压力波发展过程,测量了电弧电压、电流、电弧压力、压力波传导壁面振动加速度,分析不同间隙距离下电弧放电初期多特征参量变化规律;建立油中电弧放电能量转移路径模型,得到变压器油中电弧放电能量转移比例演变规律。试验结果表明,油中电弧放电初期电极间出现多次击穿过程,压力波伴随脉冲电压电流出现,1、2与3 mm针-针间隙油中电弧放电可见2、5和7次压力波,电压电流、电弧能量、压力波次数与强度随着间隙距离的提高而增加。油中电弧能量向内能、机械能、热传导与光辐射的能量转移最大比例分别为29.35%、15.99%和6.52%。该研究结果初步阐明了变压器油中工频电压下早期电弧放电压力波特性与特征参量变化机制。To study the evolutionary law of pressure wave at the initial stage of arc discharge,the paper conducts discharge experiments in transformer oil.Schlieren images are collected to observe the development process of bubbles and pressure waves at the initial stage of arc discharge.The arc voltage,current,pressure and wall vibration acceleration are measured.The characteristic changes of arc under different electrode gap distances are analyzed.An energy transfer path model of arc discharge in oil is established,and the evolution law of energy transfer ratio is obtained.The experimental results indicate that the occurrence of multiple breakdown processes between the electrodes leads to the generation of pressure waves accompanying the appearance of pulsed voltage and current.In the discharge process with electrode gaps of 1,2 and 3 mm,pressure waves can be observed 2,5 and 7 times,respectively.The voltage,current,energy,pressure wave number and intensity increase with the increase of arc energy.The maximum transfer ratios of arc energy to internal energy,mechanical energy,thermal conduction and radiation energy during the discharge process are 29.35%,15.99%,and 6.52%,respectively.The research results have preliminarily elucidated the pressure wave characteristics and parameter variations of early-stage arc in transformer oil under AC voltage.

关 键 词：电弧放电初期 变压器油 压力波 气泡 能量转移路径 

分 类 号：TM85[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]