油纸绝缘匝间电弧产生和发展过程及其时频特性  

Generation and Development of Interturn Arc of Oil-paper Insulation and Its Time-frequency Characteristics

作　　者：胡一卓 王昊[1] 常昊鑫 张崇兴[1] 董明[1] 任明[1] 张民 郭贤珊 HU Yizhuo;WANG Hao;CHANG Haoxin;ZHANG Chongxing;DONG Ming;REN Ming;ZHANG Min;GUO Xianshan(State Key Library of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Xi’an Jiaotong University),Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi Province,China;State Grid Corporation of China,Xicheng District,Beijing 100032,China)

机构地区：[1]电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学),陕西省西安市710049 [2]国家电网有限公司,北京市西城区100032

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第9期3346-3356,I0006,共12页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB2406900)。

摘　　要：匝间电弧放电是油浸式电力变压器内部最危险的故障之一,容易引起绕组烧毁、变压器燃爆等严重故障。目前对匝间电弧形成发展的机理和特性认识不足,对匝间电弧故障的起始阶段缺乏有效的检测和预警手段。该文在匝间简化模型的基础上,开展匝间电弧产生和发展过程的试验模拟和多物理量测量,分析电弧物理信号的时域特征和时频分布特性。研究表明:匝间电弧的产生和发展可分为4个阶段,分别为击穿前、反复击穿阶段、不稳定电弧阶段和稳定电弧阶段。匝间击穿前无明显征兆,击穿后经多次击穿-恢复过程才能建立持续的电弧通道。随电弧趋于稳定,通道阻抗减小至1 kΩ,脉冲振荡消失,声发射信号和电磁辐射信号的时频分布更加集中。理论分析表明,电弧外部特性的变化和电弧等离子体通道的鞘层结构、电子密度、电子温度等参数密切相关。Inter-turn arc discharge is one of the most hazardous faults in oil-immersed power transformers,often leading to severe failures such as winding burnout and transformer combustion/explosion.Current understanding of the mechanisms and characteristics underlying the formation and development of inter-turn arcs remains insufficient,and effective detection and early warning methods for the initial stages of inter-turn arc faults are lacking.This paper conducts experimental simulations and multi-physical quantity measurements of inter-turn arc generation and development processes based on a simplified inter-turn model,analyzing the time-domain characteristics and time-frequency distribution features of arc physical signals.The results reveal that the formation and evolution of inter-turn arcs can be divided into four stages:pre-breakdown,repeated breakdown,unstable arc,and stable arc stages.No obvious precursors are observed before inter-turn breakdown,and sustained arc channels require multiple breakdown-recovery cycles to establish postbreakdown.As the arc stabilizes,the channel impedance decreases to 1 kΩ,pulse oscillations disappear,and the time-frequency distributions of acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation signals become more concentrated.Theoretical analysis indicates that changes in the arc's external characteristics are closely related to parameters of the arc plasma channel,including sheath structure,electron density,and electron temperature.

关 键 词：匝间绝缘 电弧放电 时频图谱 声发射 电磁辐射 

分 类 号：TM411[电气工程—电器]