基于自适应FEM-SPH耦合的换流变压器电弧故障结构失效行为研究  

Research on the Structural Failure Behavior of Converter Transformers Under Arcing Faults Based on Adaptive FEM-SPH Coupling Method

作　　者：闫晨光[1] 徐彻 李嘉熙 吕伊瑶 桑凡雅 刘浩[1] YAN Chenguang;XU Che;LI Jiaxi;LYU Yiyao;SANG Fanya;LIU Hao(Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi Province,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学,陕西省西安市710049 [2]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京市海淀区100192

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第9期3370-3379,I0008,共11页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202455344A-2-1-ZX)。

摘　　要：近年来,部分特高压换流变压器在运行中相继发生电弧短路故障并引发爆炸、起火事故,严重威胁直流系统安全稳定运行。充油设备故障冲击下的结构失效机制尚不明确,且缺乏成熟的数值计算方法,制约故障防爆技术的发展。基于此,该文提出一套适用于高能电弧故障冲击的结构失效仿真计算方法。首先,建立有限腔体内油中电弧能量持续注入的气泡动力学模型,准确描述故障气泡的脉动膨胀行为;其次,提出自适应有限元-光滑粒子流体动力学(finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics,FEM-SPH)耦合方法,利用SPH粒子继承失效前的物理信息参与FEM计算;进行不同能量、不同位置的电弧故障仿真计算,获得换流变压器结构的薄弱区域及其破裂行为,复现了油箱结构失效行为。研究发现,油箱顶盖两侧及侧壁转角接缝位置容易发生应力集中现象。一旦结构出现裂缝,将在极短时间内沿着应力集中方向快速发展,最终导致壁面整体撕裂。可知,该方法揭示的结构失效行为可为改进变压器设计和提高设备安全性提供依据。In recent years,some converter transformers have frequently experienced explosions and fires due to arcing faults,posing significant threats to the safe and stable operation of DC systems.The failure mechanisms of oil-immersed equipment under fault impacts remain unclear,and the lack of effective numerical simulation methods hinders the advancement of explosion-proof technologies.On this basis,this paper proposes a numerical calculation method for structural failure suitable for high-energy arcing fault impacts.First,a bubble dynamics model under arcing fault is established to describe the dynamic changes of the gas bubble.Then,an adaptive finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(FEM-SPH)coupling method is proposed,utilizing SPH particles to inherit the physical information before failure and participate in FEM calculations.Simulation calculations of arcing faults with different energies and locations are performed,identifying the weak areas and tearing behaviors of the converter transformer structure,and replicating the structural failure process.The study reveals that stress concentration zones predominantly occur at both sides of the tank top cover and corner joints of sidewalls.Once a structural crack forms,it rapidly propagates along the direction of stress concentration within an extremely short period,ultimately leading to the complete tearing of the wall.This method provides an effective approach to calculating the structural response of converter transformers under fault,and the revealed structural failure behavior offers important insights for improving transformer design and enhancing equipment safety.

关 键 词：电弧故障 换流变压器 有限元-光滑粒子流体动力学耦合 结构失效 数值方法 

分 类 号：TM411[电气工程—电器]