新疆野果林黑果小檗叶片与果实功能性状特征  

Functional traits of the leaves and fruits of the dominant shrub Berberis atrocarpa in Xinjiang wild fruit forest

作　　者：吴明江 邱娟[2] 凌孝波 郑凤 杨洋 王新宇 刁永强 刘立强[1] WU Mingjiang;QIU Juan;LING Xiaobo;ZHENG Feng;YANG Yang;WANG Xinyu;DIAO Yongqiang;LIU Liqiang(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Yili Forestry Academy,Yining,Xinjiang 939300,China;Xinjiang Yili Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Xinyuan,Xinjiang 835800,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]伊犁州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁939300 [4]新疆伊犁森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆新源835800

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第5期76-87,99,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0501,2022xjkk1505);农业农村部政府购买服务项目(125A0605)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究黑果小檗叶片和果实功能性状,探讨其性状特征与生态适应性。【方法】以交吾托海、大西沟、莫乎尔沟和伊勒格代沟的黑果小檗为研究对象,采取样线、样株间距>100 m的方法,每种群选择30丛样株,调查叶功能性状和果实表型性状特征、相关性和变异分化程度,分析其生态适应性和适应策略。【结果】①不同种群黑果小檗的叶功能性状有7种存在显著差异,果实表型性状皆有显著差异,大西沟种群为资源保守型适应策略,莫乎尔沟种群是资源获取型适应策略,交吾托海种群和伊勒格代沟种群为中性适应策略。②叶面积与叶柄长、比叶面积呈极显著正相关,比叶面积与叶片干物质含量、叶组织密度呈极显著负相关,单果内种子数、果柄长与单果质量皆呈极显著正相关。③黑果小檗叶功能性状与果实表型性状的平均变异系数分别为14.62%,16.25%,其中,交吾托海叶片功能性状变异程度(18.23%)最高,可塑性最强,遗传稳定性最差,伊勒格代沟(12.36%)与之相反;伊勒格代沟果实表型性状变异系数(18.45%)最大,可塑性最强,遗传稳定性最差,大西沟(13.18%)与之相反;叶片与果实性状变异分化主要来源于种群内,种群内分化系数分别为84.7058%和70.7967%。④主成分分析结果表明,叶面积、比叶面积、叶组织密度、叶片干物质含量、单果质量、单果内种子数是影响变异程度的主要指标。【结论】新疆野果林不同种群黑果小檗叶片和果实性状存在较高的差异和分化水平,变异主要源于种群内部,所形成的不同功能性状共同指示了其对生境条件的适应性。【Objective】Berberis atrocarpa,as the predominant species in the shrub stratum of Xinjiang wild fruit forests,was selected in this study to investigate the functional traits of its leaves and fruits and elucidate its ecological adaptability.【Method】The research was conducted by examining the functional traits,correlations,and variation differentiation among leaf functional traits and fruit phenotypic traits of B.atrocarpa from JWTH,DXG,MHE and YLGD to analyze their ecological adaptability and adaptation strategies;the samples in the study were selected from each of the four communities,with 30 samples per community,using a method that ensured a distance of more than 100 meters between transect lines and individual samples.【Result】①The investigation highlighted seven significant variations in leaf functional traits and fruit phenotypic traits among different B.atrocarpa communities.The DXG population demonstrated a resource-conservative adaptation strategy,while the MHE population aligned with a resource-acquiring adaptation strategy.The JWTH and YLGD communities exhibited neutral adaptation strategies.②Notably,leaf area was found to have a significant positive correlation with petiole length and specific leaf area,whereas specific leaf area was inversely related to leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density.Furthermore,the number of seeds per fruit and the length of the fruit stalk were positively correlated with the weight of a single fruit.③The analysis revealed an average coefficient of variation for leaf functional traits and fruit phenotypic traits of 14.62%and 16.25%,respectively.The highest degree of variation(18.23%)and plasticity,along with the worst genetic stability,were observed in JWTH for leaf functional traits,while the lowest were found in YLGD(12.36%).Conversely,the opposite pattern was observed for fruit traits.YLGD exhibited the highest coefficient of variation(18.45%)and the highest plasticity,as well as the worst genetic stability,for fruit phenotypic traits,with DXG(13.

关 键 词：新疆野果林 黑果小檗 叶功能性状 果实表型性状 适应性 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]