香港特别行政区网络信息治理之模式转型:从“二元规制”到“三元规制”  

The Transformation of Hong Kong SAR’s Online Content Moderation Model:From“Binary Regulation”to“Ternary Regulation”

作　　者：沈新渊 刘文轩 SHEN Xinyuan;LIU Wenxuan

机构地区：[1]山东政法学院法学院,山东济南250014 [2]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264000 [3]南京大学犯罪预防与控制研究所,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第3期50-62,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究特别委托项目“香港规制社交网络平台危害国家安全信息研究”(JBF202304)。

摘　　要：现行香港特别行政区网络信息治理“政府—个人”二元规制模式囿于事前预防机制缺位、平台监管权责失衡、执法权限配置疏漏三重积弊,导致特区网络空间乱象频出,治理质效不彰。究其原因,在历史因素上,“言论自由”思潮与“网络秩序”目标尚存价值抵牾;在规制思路上,并未足够重视平台对网络信息生成传播的中介影响;在规制方式上,并未充分发挥平台在网络信息治理中的关键作用。为此,香港特别行政区网络空间治理亟需实现从二元规制模式向“政府—平台—个人”三元规制模式的转型和飞跃。具体而言,可以从以下四个方面协同推进:一是建立完善的网络治理法律规范体系,弥补现行法律框架在有害信息认定、举证及执法程序中的不足;二是夯实平台监管责任,包括明确平台内容管理义务、建立事前审查制度、增设事后处置通报机制,并加重平台监管失效的法律后果;三是强化行政执法力度,提高政府对网络信息治理的主动性和精准性,确保监管措施的可执行性;四是设立域外平台管辖保障机构,解决跨境执法难题,增强政府对境外社交平台的监管能力。The current“government-individual”binary regulation model for online contents moderation in Hong Kong SAR is constrained by three major issues:the absence of a preemptive prevention mechanism,an imbalance in the regulatory responsibilities of platforms,and gaps in the allocation of law implement authority.These situations have led to frequent chaos in the cyberspace of Hong Kong SAR.The underlying reasons can be traced to three aspects:First,historically,the discourse of“freedom of speech”in Hong Kong society remains in conflict with the governance goal of“cyberspace order”.Second,in terms of regulatory thinking,the government has not sufficiently recognized the intermediary role of platforms in the generation and dissemination of online contents.Third,in terms of regulatory methods,the government has failed to fully leverage the key role of platforms in internet contents moderation.Therefore,it is imperative for Hong Kong SAR’s cyberspace governance to transform and upgrade from the“government-individual”binary regulatory model to a“government-platform-individual”trinary regulatory model.Specifically,taking“moderate regulation”as the basic principle,efforts should be made in four directions:(1)Establishing a comprehensive legal framework for cyberspace governance;(2)Strengthening the online contents moderation responsibilities of social media platforms(including clarifying the platforms’responsibility for online contents,establishing ex-ante review systems for social media platforms,adding ex-post disposal and notification systems for social media platforms,and reinforcing the legal punishment of social media platforms’moderation failures);(3)Enhancing the administrative enforcement of cyberspace governance;(4)Setting up a specialized department for liaising with overseas social media platforms.

关 键 词：香港特别行政区 网络信息治理 言论自由 二元规制 三元规制 

分 类 号：D911.01[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]