生产要素双向流动视角下的乡村振兴  

Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Two-way Flow of Production Factors

作　　者：薛宝贵[1] XUE Baogui

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学经济学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第3期63-72,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：没有农业农村的现代化,就没有国家的现代化。全面建设社会主义现代化强国,最艰巨最繁重的工作依然在农村。实现乡村振兴与农业农村现代化,要改变过去生产要素向城市单向流动的趋势,实现生产要素城乡间双向流动,让城乡要素自由流动,平等交换,在城乡融合的基础上,实现乡村全面振兴。土地是农民最重要的财产,但现有的农村土地制度安排以保障农民生存权的同时支援城市建设为目标,土地缺乏流动性,土地要素尚未被激活。促进生产要素城乡间双向流动的关键是激活土地要素,使土地功能由生存权向发展权转变,通过加速承包地经营权流转大力发展现代农业,通过增强宅基地流动性,集体建设用地平等入市,对农用地征收进行合理补偿增加农民财产性收入,激活土地要素;通过增强农民的自我积累能力,增强农民的融资能力,吸引城市资本下乡,引导资本要素向农村集聚,实现土地要素与资本要素的结合,以振兴农村产业;在农村产业振兴的基础上,通过农民工返乡就业,高校毕业生返乡就业创业,吸引劳动要素与人才的流入;实施促进生产要素城乡双向流动的配套制度改革,如:完善农村社会保障制度,实行农村偏向型融资政策,大力发展农村数字普惠金融。Without the modernization of agriculture and rural areas,there will be no modernization of the country.The most arduous work is still in the countryside to build a socialist modern power comprehensively.To realize agricultural and rural modernization,we should change the trend of one-way flow of production factors to cities in the past,and realize two-way flow of production factors between urban and rural areas.Land is the most important property of farmers,but the existing rural land system arrangement is aimed at protecting farmers’right to subsistence while supporting urban construction.Rural land has a lack of liquidity,and land element has not been activated.The key to promoting the two-way flow of production factors between urban and rural areas is to activate the land factor.By deepening the reform of the rural land system,we can activate the land factor,guide the capital factor to gather in the countryside,and realize the combination of land factor and capital factor,so as to revitalize the rural industry.This will subsequently attract the inflow of labor factor and talents on the basis of the revitalization of the rural industry.

关 键 词：生产要素 单向流动 双向流动 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]