帝国边缘:日本殖民统治琉球时期的认同塑造及其影响  

The Edge of Empire:Identity Formation and Its Influence during the Japanese Colonial Rule of Ryukyu

作　　者：孙家珅 项杰 SUN Jiashen;XIANG Jie

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100007 [2]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第3期152-159,共8页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“东亚历史演进中的琉球族群认同研究”(24CGJ062);国家社会科学基金重大项目“战后日本历史进程与国际影响力研究”(22VLS014)。

摘　　要：在族群同化的复杂进程中,强势民族往往会利用其政治、经济及文化上的优势,将自身的文化认同、价值观念及社会规范强加于弱势民族之上,以期实现文化的同质化与民族的融合。1879年日本强制吞并琉球设置冲绳县,随即开始了对帝国边缘的琉球族群进行“大和化”“皇民化”的同化工作,塑造日本帝国统治下的“皇民”。日本在构建所谓“单一民族国家神话”的过程中,并非单纯地追求单一化与同质化,而是同时强调差别意识。日本不断灌输给琉球人一种观念,作为“二等国民”应肩负着保卫日本本土的重要使命。这种既积极同化又充满歧视的政策导向,形成了一种相对畸形且矛盾的同化模式。这种同化模式所导致的后果是,一方面,激发了琉球族群对于被大和民族接纳的渴望,使得他们努力模仿并接纳日本人的文化与生活方式,以期获得更广泛的社会认可与接纳;另一方面,由于长期遭受歧视与欺压,琉球族群内部也产生了一种对“个性论”的倡导,开始寻求并强调自身文化的独特性与价值,以抵抗外部的同化压力并维护族群内部的利益。这种复杂的族群认同意识,既是对日本同化政策的反应,也是琉球族群在保持自我与融入大和之间寻求平衡的一种体现。In 1879,Japan forcibly annexed Ryukyu to set up Okinawa Prefecture,and then began to assimilate the Ryukyu ethnic groups on the edge of the empire into“Yamato-ization”and“Imperialization”,shaping the“Imperial Citizens”under the rule of the Japanese Empire.In the process of ethnic assimilation,the strong ethnic group will impose cultural identity on the weak ethnic group.In the process of constructing the so-called“single-ethnic state myth”,Japan implemented a strict cultural assimilation policy on Ryukyu,controlled education,and transformed social customs.On the other hand,the emphasis was placed on the awareness of difference,and the Ryukyu people,who were located at the southern tip of the Japanese archipelago,were instilled with the idea that they were“second-class citizens”who defended the Japanese mainland,thus forming a relatively deformed assimilation model.The consequence of this relatively deformed assimilation model was that the Ryukyu people were eager to be accepted by the Yamato people,but at the same time,due to discrimination and oppression,they advocated“individuality theory”,thus forming a complex ethnic identity consciousness.

关 键 词：日本 琉球 大和化 皇民化 认同塑造 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学]